Standardized Sophora pachycarpa Root Extract Enhances Osteogenic Differentiation in Adipose‐derived Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Abstract

Bone defect is an important topic in public health. Novel therapies are based on osteogenic induction by natural antiosteoporotic compounds including plant-derived estrogens. In the current study, the osteogenic potential of Sophora pachycarpa root extract (SPRE) was explored on human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Herein, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were osteoinducted in the presence of increased concentrations of the extract for 21 days. Then, cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay, and the differentiated cells were stained by Alizarin Red S for calcium deposition and subjected to alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay for enzymatic activity. To assess the expression of bone-related genes, treated cells were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The MTT test demonstrated that SPRE had no toxic effects on the cell viability. Treating the cells with SPRE noticeably promoted ALP activity, mineralization, and mRNA expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein (BGLAP), secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), and collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1). Additionally, cells subjected to 0.1 μg/mL SPRE showed the highest osteogenic effects. According to high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprinting of SPRE, the osteoprotective effects of SPRE is probably due to presence of phytochemicals with estrogen-like activity in the extract. Thus, SPRE might be a suitable therapeutic agent for bone defects therapy in the future research. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Bioscreening and pre-clinical evaluation of the impact of bioactive molecules from Ptychotis verticillata on the multilineage potential of mesenchymal stromal cells towards immune- and inflammation-mediated diseases

“…The osteogenic induction potential of Sophora pachycarpa root extract (SPRE) was reported on human adipose-derived MSCs. In the presence of increased concentrations of the extract and during 21 days, the osteogenesis capacity of MSCs was greatly induced [35]. Because their engraftment is generally considered low and transient, priming by such bioactive molecules would be of benefit to increase MSC survival and functionality when transplanted in vivo.…”

T-Box20 inhibits osteogenic differentiation in adipose-derived human mesenchymal stem cells: the role of T-Box20 on osteogenesis

“…To stain calcific deposits as previously described [24], after 4th week of differentiation, cells were fixed with 10% formalin (Sigma-Aldrich Chemie, Taufkirchen, Germany) for 45 min at room temperature (RT). After washing away the fixative with water, the fixed cells were incubated with Alizarin Red S (ARS, Sigma-Aldrich Chemie, Taufkirchen, Germany) staining solution of pH 4.1–4.3 for 45 min at RT.…”

Exploring the potential role of genus Sophora in the management of osteoporosis: a phytochemical and biological review

“…Sophora pachycarpa root extract (SPRE), acts as a stimulant for bone-formation in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. In vitro, SPRE demonstrated a significant increase in mineralization, ALP activity, and mRNA expression of bone gammacarboxyglutamate protein (BGLAP), RUNX2, secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), and collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) at different concentrations of 0.1, 1, 5, and 10 μg/mL (Mollazadeh et al, 2017).…”