Standardized Ethanol Extract of Cassia mimosoides var. nomame Makino Ameliorates Obesity via Regulation of Adipogenesis and Lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells and High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Abstract

Obesity is a major cause of conditions such as type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, posing a threat to public health worldwide. Here, we analyzed the anti-obesity effects of a standardized ethanol extract of Cassia mimosoides var. nomame Makino (EECM) in vitro and in vivo. Treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with EECM suppressed adipogenesis and lipogenesis via the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway by downregulating the expression levels of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1, and fatty acid synthase and upregulating the acetyl-CoA carboxylase. EECM inhibited mitotic clonal expansion during early adipocyte differentiation. Oral administration of EECM for 10 weeks significantly alleviated body weight gain and body fat accumulation in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. EECM mitigated adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in white adipose and liver tissues of HFD-induced obese mice. It regulated the levels of adipogenic hormones including insulin, leptin, and adipokine in the blood plasma. In brown adipose tissue, EECM induced the expression of thermogenic factors such as uncoupling protein-1, PPAR-α, PPARγ co-activator-1α, sirtuin 1, and cytochrome c oxidase IV. EECM restored the gut microbiome composition at the phylum level and alleviated dysbiosis. Therefore, EECM may be used as a promising therapeutic agent for the prevention of obesity.

High-fat diet-induced gut microbiota alteration promotes lipogenesis by butyric acid/miR-204/ACSS2 axis in chickens

“…Although previous studies have demonstrated the significant roles of gut microbiota in regulating animal lipogenesis and fat deposition ( Zhao et al, 2020 ; Chen et al, 2021 ; Heo et al, 2023 ), there is a paucity of studies examining the correlations between gut microbiota and chicken lipogenesis. The HFD has been reported to contribute to the development of obesity by modulating gut microbiota composition.…”

Anti-obesity effects of a standardized ethanol extract of Eisenia bicyclis by regulating the AMPK signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 cells and HFD-induced mice

“…Proteins were extracted from differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, subcutaneous fat tissue, liver tissue, and brown adipose tissue as previously described. 37 The extracted proteins were quantified using the Bradford assay. The whole proteins (30 μg) were separated by SDS-PAGE using 8-15% acrylamide gel and then transferred to a PVDF membrane.…”

New Insights into High-Fat Diet with Chronic Diseases

“…The study authored by S. Heo et al delves into the potential of Cassia mimosoides var. nomame Makino extract (EECM) as a means to combat obesity [ 1 ]. EECM demonstrates its efficacy by inhibiting adipogenesis and lipogenesis, primarily through the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway.…”