Standardized error severity score (ESS) ratings to quantify risk associated with child restraint system (CRS) and booster seat misuse

Abstract

Collectively, findings indicate that standardized ESS ratings are useful for estimating injury risk potential associated with real-world CRS and booster seat installation errors.

Adequacy of Emergency Department Documentation of Child Restraint Use After a Motor Vehicle Crash

“…Emergency Severity Index level 1 and 2 patients generally have more significant injuries and/or mechanisms. Injury patterns in MVCs in which there was improper use and nonuse of child restraints have been well described and are consistent with our findings that more severely injured children were less likely to have been using restraints correctly 16–19 …”

“…Injury patterns in MVCs in which there was improper use and nonuse of child restraints have been well described and are consistent with our findings that more severely injured children were less likely to have been using restraints correctly. [16][17][18][19] Only 10% of discharged patients with incorrect child restraint use had documentation of dissemination of child passenger restraint information. This is consistent with our previous work, in which 30% of emergency division chiefs identified the routine dissemination of CPS information to families, whereas data abstraction at a single institution revealed documentation in 8.6% of visits.…”

System providing automated feedback improves task learning outcomes during child restraint system (CRS) installations

“…Serious errors were defined as those that would likely result in harm to the occupant during a crash: not locking the seat belt, very loose harness, forgetting the top tether, etc. (Brown et al 1995;Hummel et al 1997;Legault et al 1997;Lalande et al 2003;Arbogast et al 2005;Arbogast and Jermakian 2007;Lesire et al 2007;Menon and Ghati 2007;Bulger et al 2008;Skjerven-Martinsen et al 2011;Rudin-Brown et al 2017; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) 2014; Manary et al 2019). Minor errors were considered to be less consequential, such as twisted but otherwise tight LA or harness webbing, using lower anchors and seat belt together, etc.…”