Standardized bacteriologic techniques for the characterization of Mycoplasma species

Aluotto, Barbara B.; Wittler, Ruth G.; Williams, Carol O.; Faber, John E.

doi:10.1099/00207713-20-1-35

Cited by 287 publications

(173 citation statements)

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“…To identify the species of mycoplasma strains isolates were subjected to biochemical tests: glucose fermentation, arginine hydrolysis, activity of phosphatase, tetrazolium reduction, and production of spots and films (Aluotto et al, 1970 (Clyde, 1964, Aluotto et al, 1970.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasma bovis and bacterial pathogens in the bovine respiratory tract

Gabinaitienė¹,

Šiugždaitė²,

Žilinskas³

et al. 2011

Vet. Med.

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Bovine respiratory disease caused by Mycoplasma bovis is a major health problem of cattle worldwide. It inflicts considerable financial losses on beef herds and is the most common cause of mortality in dairy cattle. Bacteriological examination of 35 nasal cavity samples from calves younger than three months of age identified Mycoplasma bovis in eight (22.9%) samples. These cattle were followed until 17 months of age, and repeated examination of nasal cavity samples before necropsy identified Mycoplasma bovis in four (11.4%) samples. At necropsy and lung samples for bacteriological and histological examination were collected. To identify microorganisms from the Mollicutes class isolated from the nasal cavities of cattle we used the PCR method. Furthermore, Mycoplasma bovis was identified on the grounds of biochemical characteristics and by the disk growth inhibition test. The organism was found in 5.7% of calves younger than three months of age in combination with Pasteurella spp. Mycoplasma bovis in combination with Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica was isolated from 5.7% and 2.9% of cattle at 17 months. However, Pasteurella multocida was common in cattle at 17 months and Mannheimia haemolytica was isolated from both age groups of cattle. Histopathological examination of lung samples revealed broncho-interstitial pneumonia in 14.3% of samples. Mycoplasma bovis was isolated from 60.0% of broncho-insterstitial pneumonia cases. The organism was isolated more frequently from the group of calves rather than from the cattle group (P < 0.05). The most common bacterial agents were Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasma bovis and bacterial pathogens in the bovine respiratory tract

Gabinaitienė¹,

Šiugždaitė²,

Žilinskas³

et al. 2011

Vet. Med.

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“…Substrate tests were performed by using a slight modification of the standard procedures described previously (1). All of the substrates tested were added to basal R-2 medium containing 1.5% PPLO broth base (Difco), 1.6% sodium chloride, 0.001% phenol red, and 15% horse serum.…”

Section: Int J Syst Bacteriolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spiroplasma chinense sp. nov. from Flowers of Calystegia hederacea in China

Guo

Chen

Whitcomb

et al. 1990

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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Strain CCHT (T = type strain), a helical procaryote that was isolated from floral surfaces of Culystegiu hederuceu (Convolvulaceae) in Jiangsu, People's Republic of China, was found to be a sterol-requiring member of the class Mullicutes. The cells of strain CCHT were small, motile helices that were devoid of a cell wall or periplasmic fibrils. The organism passed through filters with average pore diameters of 300 and 220 nm. Strain CCHT grew rapidly in liquid media having simple compositions, reaching stationary growth phase within 24 h at 30°C. Growth occurred at temperatures ranging from 25 to 37OC. The organism fermented glucose and other sugars with acid production and showed weak arginine hydrolysis. It did not hydrolyze urea. In preliminary electrophoretic analyses, the cell protein patterns of strain CCHT were distinct from those of eight other spiroplasmas commonly found on flowers. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and antisera to strain CCHT, we found no serological relationship to antigens of the 23 previously recognized spiroplasma groups or species. These distinctions were confirmed by performing reciprocal metabolism inhibition and deformation serological tests, in which we used antigens and antisera to representatives of spiroplasma groups I through XXIII. The base composition (guanine-plus-cytosine content) of the DNA of strain CCHT was about 29.0 mol%. On the basis of these findings, we propose that spiroplasma strain CCH (= ATCC 43960) be designated group XXIV and the type strain of a new species, Spiroplasrnu chinense.Many species of the genus Spiroplasma (class Mollicutes) have been isolated from flower surfaces (2, 8-11, 17, 18, 25-28, 34). Despite the frequency of these isolations, these helical wall-less procaryotes are associated primarily with arthropods and insects (7,34); therefore, their occurrence on flowers probably results from seasonal insect activities. The spiroplasma strains associated with plants and insects have proved to be extraordinarily diverse, and their classification has presented many problems. However, on the basis of their serological and genomic properties, spiroplasmas are now classified into groups or subgroups (25,30,31), which may be converted to species by fulfilling the minimal standards for description of species of Mollicutes (14, 30).In the spring of 1985, flowers of 23 plant species were collected in a field in Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; spiroplasmas were isolated and cultivated from the flower surfaces of 4 of these species (X. D. Ye, M.S. thesis, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China, 1987). After purification by cloning procedures, one of the isolates from flowers of Calystegia hederacea (a bindweed and a member of the Convolvulaceae) gave rise to a strain, strain CCHT (T 6 type strain), that proved to be serologically unrelated to spiroplasmas belonging to previously described groups. Subsequently, we accumulated sufficient biological and genomic data to fulfill the minimal requirements for description...

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“…Ability to digest casein was determined using skim-milk agar, as described by Cottew & Yeats (1978). Tests for haemolytic activity, using an overlay technique, and tests for tetrazolium reduction were carried out according to the methods of Aluotto et al (1970). Sterol-dependence was determined by the procedure of Edward (1971).…”

Section: Biochemical Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship of two equine mycoplasmas toMycoplasma mycoides

Lemcke

Ernø

Gupta

1981

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYTwo unidentified mycoplasmas, N3 and NI1, isolated from the respiratory tract of horses, were found to cross-react with strains of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides in indirect immunofluorescence tests, growth-inhibition tests carried out by the running drop/agar-well method, and in complement-fixation and double immunodiffusion tests. Serologically, the equine mycoplasmas were not completely identical with any of the reference strains of M. mycoides with which they were compared. Their cultural characteristics, ability to digest coagulated serum and casein, and survival at 45°C, however, suggested that they were more closely related to strains of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides, such as Y-goat, which are found in goats, than to strains of that subspecies which are pathogenic for cattle.

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Standardized bacteriologic techniques for the characterization of Mycoplasma species

Cited by 287 publications

References 1 publication

Mycoplasma bovis and bacterial pathogens in the bovine respiratory tract

Mycoplasma bovis and bacterial pathogens in the bovine respiratory tract

Spiroplasma chinense sp. nov. from Flowers of Calystegia hederacea in China

The relationship of two equine mycoplasmas toMycoplasma mycoides

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