Standardization of the 5th Generation Fixed Network for Enabling End-to-End Network Slicing and Quality-Assured Services

Energy Conservation in Passive Optical Networks: A Tutorial and Survey

“…In early 2020, with the objective to realize "fiber-toeverywhere", the ETSI established an Industry Specification Group (ISG) to define and enumerate the scope of Fifth Generation Fixed Network (F5G) [118]. The vision of "fiberto-everywhere" in F5G is to push fiber further closer to the end user premises, leveraging high-speed broadband connectivity with ultra low latency for emerging applications (e.g., Cloud VR) as well as generating new revenue generating services for the PON operators, including Fiber-to-The-Room (FTTR), Fiber-to-The-Office (FTTO) and Fiber-to-The-Desk (FTTD) and Fiber-to-The-Machine (FTTM) [110], [118]-[120]. For example, in case of FTTR, optical fiber as internal backbone connects individual room within a home/apartment (e.g., inhome Wi-Fi backhauling as depicted in Fig.…”

“…For industrial PON deployment, ETSI has delineated PON requirements in industrial settings, including multi-tier spine-leaf OLT setup and resiliency aware ODN architecture, ONU interface requirements (physical interface like RS-232 and RS-485), resource slicing, and bandwidth allocation mechanism [110]. This is worth highlighting that AI is being considered as a key pillar in F5G architecture to facilitate network automation (without need of human intervention) and ensure consistent network performance to the residential and business users in accordance to their SLA requirements [118], [119], [124].…”

“…Current energy saving PON solutions reviewed in Section VI and VII are basically tree and ring-and-spur topology based solutions which are generally developed targeting public access network deployment. However, PON is evolving to reach further deeper into the customer premises (tailored to be operated end user specific u se c ases) t o s upport more bandwidth intensive and deterministic performance demanding applications at office a nd r esidential u sers [118], [122], [123] and industrial production and manufacturing facilities [110]. All these are geared to propel further evolution of PON architecture (e.g., intra-ODN communication [125]), equipment (e.g., OLT/ONU with built-in edge computing [110], [116], [117] and ONU with industrial equipment specific interfaces [110]) and protocol operation (e.g., proactive and cyclic bandwidth allocation [8], [347]), as discussed in the last part of Section II-B.…”

Key Technologies for a Beyond-100G Next-Generation Passive Optical Network

“…Heterogeneous secondary network elements can be provided at the optical layer to provide different services with different features, configurations, and controls while hiding the service characteristics and differences in specific network platforms. The architecture of the SDN produces several network function virtualizations (NFVs) using APIs and OpenFlow, NETCONF/YANG, RESTCONF, gRPC, etc., protocols [145][146][147][148][149][150][151] to communicate between the various hardware and software that make up the network.…”

Key Technologies for Beyond 100G Next Generation Passive Optical Network

“…Heterogeneous secondary network elements can be provided at the cladding layer and optical layer to provide different services with different features, configurations, and controls with hiding the service characteristics and differences of specific network platforms. The architecture of SDN virtualizes several network function virtualizations (NFVs) using APIs and OpenFlow, NETCONF/YANG, RESTCONF, gRPC, etc protocols [141][142][143][144][145][146][147] to communicate between the various hardware and network software that make up the network.…”