Standardization of relative centrifugal forces in studies related to platelet‐rich fibrin

Abstract

Platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF), a second‐generation platelet concentrate, has been the focus of intensive research endeavors over the past 2 decades. Over the years, however, numerous reports have inaccurately reported relative centrifugal force (RCF) values, which has caused considerable confusion in the field. Furthermore, the use of trade names such as leukocyte and platelet‐rich fibrin (L‐PRF) and advanced platelet‐rich fibrin (A‐PRF) has further confused many readers, since studies have not always used centrifugation parameters with equal rotor sizes, angulation of tubes, and/or tube design. This has led to considerable misperception in the report of relative centrifugal force. Herein is described necessary parameters pivotal for the future report of RCF in studies related to PRF, which include: 1) dimensions of the rotor (radius at the clot and end of the tube); 2) rotor angulation for the tube holder; 3) revolutions per minute (RPM) and time; 4) RCF value calculated at either the RCF‐minimum, RCF‐clot, or RCF‐maximum; 5) composition and size of tubes used to produce PRF; and 6) centrifugation model used. This editorial aims to minimize confusion in the field and create more transparent research reporting RCF values in future studies.

Effect of platelet-rich fibrin on cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, inflammation, and osteoclastogenesis: a systematic review of in vitro studies

“…Conversely, inhibition of migration by PRF has been reported in alveolar bone marrow cells [32]. This effect might be explained by the aggregation and proliferation effect of PRF that precedes migration and also by methodological differences, which precludes an interpretation and a comparison with the other studies [3]. Despite these inconsistencies, PRF is able to induce cell migration, likely due to the presence of growth factors such as PDGF with chemotactic activity.…”

“…Besides the original L-PRF protocol, other PRF protocols were used, however, most studies did not provide enough details. These details are of importance as with different protocols [3], i.e., centrifugation time and g-force, characteristics such as the release of growth factors or the content of living cells are substantially changed [75]. For instance, by reducing the g-force, there is an improvement in growth release and cell content.…”

“…For this aim, the use of centrifuges with swing-out rotors has also been recommended [2]. Obviously PRF is an umbrella term that comprises various preparations and protocols, therefore a standardization of relative centrifugal forces (RCF) [3] has been suggested. Nonetheless, most of the clinical data derive from the classical L-PRF protocol [1].…”

Quantification of growth factors in advanced platelet‐rich fibrin and concentrated growth factors and their clinical efficacy as adjunctive to the GTR procedure in periodontal intrabony defects

“…‒ Since then, PRF has been extensively utilized in dentistry for a variety of procedures demonstrating its effectiveness for tissue regeneration . ‒ In 2014, by decreasing centrifugation speeds from 2700 rpm (750 g) to 1300 rpm (200 g), a better formulation of PRF was created with a higher number of leukocytes more evenly distributed throughout the softer clot . This new formulation of PRF was given the working name advanced platelet‐rich fibrin (A‐PRF).…”

Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) and Its Related Products: Biomolecular Characterization of the Liquid Fibrinogen

“…One sample was collected in a blood count test tube with potassium EDTA as anticoagulant (BD Vacutainer ® , Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) to perform the complete blood count (CBC) test, and two samples were collected in noncoated tubes without anticoagulants (white-cap tubes, Intra-Lock, Florida, USA) to obtain liquid fibrinogen. The white-cap tubes were centrifuged at 2700 rpm for 3 min (RCF clot = 408 g; RCF max = 653 g; RCF min = 326 g) [19] using an Intraspin™ centrifugation device (33 • rotor angulation, 50 mm radius at the middle of the tube, 80 mm at the maximum, and 40 mm at the minimum) (Intra-Lock, Boca Raton, FL, USA), according to the manufacturer's instructions. Immediately after centrifugation, the upper yellow fluid (liquid fibrinogen) in the white-cap tubes was recovered by sterile syringes, avoiding red blood cells, drawn into tubes containing potassium EDTA and processed for analyses ( Figure 1).…”