Standardization of pathological investigations in the framework of experimental ASFV infections

Galindo-Cardiel, I.; Ballester, María; Solanes, David; Nofrarías, Miquel; López-Soria, Sergio; Argilaguet, Jordi; Lacasta, Anna; Accensi, Francesc; Rodrı́guez, Fernando; Segalés, Joaquím

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2012.12.018

Cited by 111 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…All control pigs were euthanized at 5 dpc showing viremia (up to 5.6 × 10 8 copies/mL), clinical signs and gross lesions characteristic of acute ASF (Galindo-Cardiel et al., 2013, Sánchez-Vizcaíno et al., 2015) (Supplementary Fig. 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gross lesions were evaluated in accordance with standardized protocols (Galindo-Cardiel et al., 2013). Tissue samples from spleen, tonsil, lung, submandibular, retropharyngeal and gastrohepatic lymph nodes were collected from two protected immunised pigs belonging to each of the experimental groups (pigs A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, D1, D2, E1, E4, F1 and F2), from some immunised not-protected pigs randomly selected (E2, E3, E5, E6, F3) and from one non-immunised control pig (pig G3).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Different routes and doses influence protection in pigs immunised with the naturally attenuated African swine fever virus isolate OURT88/3

et al. 2017

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This study compares different combinations of doses and routes of immunisation of pigs with low virulent African swine fever virus (ASFV) genotype I isolate OURT88/3, including the intramuscular and intranasal route, the latter not previously tested. Intranasal immunisations with low and moderate doses (103 and 104 TCID50) of OURT88/3 provided complete protection (100%) against challenge with virulent genotype I OURT88/1 isolate. Only mild and transient clinical reactions were observed in protected pigs. Transient moderate virus genome levels were detected in blood samples after challenge that decreased, but persisted until the end of the experiment in some animals. In contrast, pigs immunised intramuscularly with low and moderate doses (103 and 104 TCID50) displayed lower percentages of protection (50–66%), and low or undetectable levels of virus genome were detected in blood samples throughout the study. In addition, clinical courses observed in protected pigs were asymptomatic. In pigs that were not protected and developed acute ASF, an exacerbated increase of IL-10 sometimes accompanied by an increase of IFNγ was observed before euthanasia. These results showed that factors including delivery route and dose determine the outcome of immunisation with the naturally attenuated isolate OURT88/3.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different routes and doses influence protection in pigs immunised with the naturally attenuated African swine fever virus isolate OURT88/3

et al. 2017

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“…This work suggests that the Georgia 2007/1 ASFV strain has limited potential in controlled environment to cause persistent ASFV infection or result in ASFV carriers in a pig population as was also suggested for the wild boar [ 11 ]. The infection caused moderate and non-specific clinical signs and lesions among all pigs [ 25 ]. In recent publications, similar clinical signs and macroscopic lesions were observed in wild boar and domestic pigs during infection experiments using a similar ASFV strain [ 10 , 11 ] and during ASF outbreaks in domestic pigs in the affected geographical areas [ 1 , 6 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pigs with a rectal temperature over 40.5 °C for three consecutive days or showing three different clinical signs of disease were euthanized in accordance with the welfare regulations specified in the UK Home Office Licence under which animal experiments with ASFV are carried out at the Pirbright Institute. Post-mortem examination was performed for each pig and collected tissues (tonsil, spleen, kidney, lung, heart, lymph nodes) were examined for types of macroscopic lesions in accordance with the standardized pathological framework of ASFV infections [ 25 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of African swine fever virus shedding and excretion in domestic pigs infected by intramuscular inoculation and contact transmission

Guinat

Reis

Netherton

et al. 2014

Vet Res

153

105

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African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a highly virulent swine pathogen that has spread across Eastern Europe since 2007 and for which there is no effective vaccine or treatment available. The dynamics of shedding and excretion is not well known for this currently circulating ASFV strain. Therefore, susceptible pigs were exposed to pigs intramuscularly infected with the Georgia 2007/1 ASFV strain to measure those dynamics through within- and between-pen transmission scenarios. Blood, oral, nasal and rectal fluid samples were tested for the presence of ASFV by virus titration (VT) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Serum was tested for the presence of ASFV-specific antibodies. Both intramuscular inoculation and contact transmission resulted in development of acute disease in all pigs although the experiments indicated that the pathogenesis of the disease might be different, depending on the route of infection. Infectious ASFV was first isolated in blood among the inoculated pigs by day 3, and then chronologically among the direct and indirect contact pigs, by day 10 and 13, respectively. Close to the onset of clinical signs, higher ASFV titres were found in blood compared with nasal and rectal fluid samples among all pigs. No infectious ASFV was isolated in oral fluid samples although ASFV genome copies were detected. Only one animal developed antibodies starting after 12 days post-inoculation. The results provide quantitative data on shedding and excretion of the Georgia 2007/1 ASFV strain among domestic pigs and suggest a limited potential of this isolate to cause persistent infection.

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“…The rationale behind this experiment was to try to evaluate the full potential of our experimental vaccine protocol under less stringent conditions by challenging the animals with a sublethal dose of ASFV. Clinical and pathological observations were recorded and scored according to recently reported guidelines (26).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression Library Immunization Can Confer Protection against Lethal Challenge with African Swine Fever Virus

Lacasta

Ballester

Monteagudo

et al. 2014

J Virol

Self Cite

102

112

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African swine fever is one of the most devastating pig diseases, against which there is no vaccine available. Recent work from our laboratory has demonstrated the protective potential of DNA vaccines encoding three African swine fever viral antigens (p54, p30, and the hemagglutinin extracellular domain) fused to ubiquitin. Partial protection was afforded in the absence of detectable antibodies prior to virus challenge, and survival correlated with the presence of a large number of hemagglutinin-specific CD8 IMPORTANCEAfrican swine fever is a highly contagious disease of domestic and wild pigs that is endemic in many sub-Saharan countries, where it causes important economic losses and is currently in continuous expansion across Europe. Unfortunately, there is no treatment nor an available vaccine. Early attempts using attenuated vaccines demonstrated their potential to protect pigs against experimental infection. However, their use in the field remains controversial due to safety issues. Although inactive and subunit vaccines did not confer solid protection against experimental ASFV infection, our DNA vaccination results have generated new expectations, confirming the key role of T-cell responses in protection and the existence of multiple ASFV antigens with protective potential, more of which are currently being identified. Thus, the future might bring complex and safe formulations containing more than a single viral determinant to obtain broadly protective vaccines. We believe that obtaining the optimal vaccine formulation it is just a matter of time, investment, and willingness.

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Standardization of pathological investigations in the framework of experimental ASFV infections

Cited by 111 publications

References 36 publications

Different routes and doses influence protection in pigs immunised with the naturally attenuated African swine fever virus isolate OURT88/3

Different routes and doses influence protection in pigs immunised with the naturally attenuated African swine fever virus isolate OURT88/3

Dynamics of African swine fever virus shedding and excretion in domestic pigs infected by intramuscular inoculation and contact transmission

Expression Library Immunization Can Confer Protection against Lethal Challenge with African Swine Fever Virus

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