Standardization of Fixture Units for Modern Flush Valves by Optimizing Water Demand Using Modified Hunter’s Curve

Simulation Design and Analysis for Water Network Inside Building Using Elite(S-Pipe) Software

“…The water supply network inside the building is designed according to the International Plumbing Code (IPC) 2021, and to extract the diameters of the pipes and the pressure and discharge of the pumping station for the building, the procedures is followed to find the diameter of the pipe feeding a group of fixtures. E103.3 (2) determines the value of load values, in water supply fixture units (wsfu) and then uses the table E103.3 (3) and according to the system used, either a flush tank or a flush valve, the demand is extracted from water in units of gallons per minute and from the figures number E103.3 (2) to E103.3 (7) and according to the type of pipe material, the appropriate diameter of the pipe is determined and within the velocity limits recommended in the code (5-8) ft/sec. Also, extracts the value of pressure drop per 100 feet of tube, pounds per square inch, and from knowledge of the length of the pipe, losses inside the pipe are determined, and the procedures are repeated to design the entire water supply network inside the building.…”

“…The design importance of water supply networks inside buildings has emerged to provide the daily demand for water for drinking, cooking, showering, and various activities, the design is depends mainly on calculating the demand of water consumed and the appropriate pressure for operation [3], the process of calculating the water demand for the design of water supply networks inside buildings is 1222 (2023) 012006 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1222/1/012006 2 depending on the Hunter curve method [4], which depends in its calculations on giving each fixture in the network a numerical value that depends on the fixture's consumption of water simultaneously, this value is called the Fixture Unit and by using Hunter curve to find the water demand of building [5]. The appropriate design pressure value for the water supply network inside the building to exceed the height difference between the water source in the network and the highest fixture in the network, the network operating pressure value represents the pipes friction losses in the network, and the pressure required to operate the fixtures, [6], depending on the procedures in the global or local codes like (The American Society of Plumbing Engineers (ASPE), Uniform Plumbing Code, National Standard Plumbing Code, International Building Code (IBC), International Plumbing Code (IPC)) and using the values extracted from the water demand calculations and the design pressure to operate the water supply network inside the building, the sizes of the parts of the network are calculated such as tanks, pipes, fitting and also the pumps discharge and head [7].…”