Standardization and Validation of the Flash Visual Evoked Potential-P2 Conversion Scores in the Diagnosis of Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Dementia

Arruda, James E.; McInnis, Madison; Steele, James

doi:10.1177/15500594211069727

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…However, only the RNFL thickness seems to strongly correlate with ERG tracing [107]. Accordingly, Arruda et al recently suggested a standardized and validated method for the use of flash visual evoked potential-P2 (FVEP-P2) in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's dementia [111].…”

Section: Ophthalmological Tools To Study Eyes In Ad Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal Alterations Predict Early Prodromal Signs of Neurodegenerative Disease

Casciano,

Zauli,

Celeghini

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Neurodegenerative diseases are an increasingly common group of diseases that occur late in life with a significant impact on personal, family, and economic life. Among these, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are the major disorders that lead to mild to severe cognitive and physical impairment and dementia. Interestingly, those diseases may show onset of prodromal symptoms early after middle age. Commonly, the evaluation of these neurodegenerative diseases is based on the detection of biomarkers, where functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have shown a central role in revealing early or prodromal phases, although it can be expensive, time-consuming, and not always available. The aforementioned diseases have a common impact on the visual system due to the pathophysiological mechanisms shared between the eye and the brain. In Parkinson’s disease, α-synuclein deposition in the retinal cells, as well as in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, alters the visual cortex and retinal function, resulting in modifications to the visual field. Similarly, the visual cortex is modified by the neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic amyloid β plaques typically seen in the Alzheimer’s disease brain, and this may reflect the accumulation of these biomarkers in the retina during the early stages of the disease, as seen in postmortem retinas of AD patients. In this light, the ophthalmic evaluation of retinal neurodegeneration could become a cost-effective method for the early diagnosis of those diseases, overcoming the limitations of functional and structural imaging of the deep brain. This analysis is commonly used in ophthalmic practice, and interest in it has risen in recent years. This review will discuss the relationship between Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease with retinal degeneration, highlighting how retinal analysis may represent a noninvasive and straightforward method for the early diagnosis of these neurodegenerative diseases.

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Section: Ophthalmological Tools To Study Eyes In Ad Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal Alterations Predict Early Prodromal Signs of Neurodegenerative Disease

Casciano,

Zauli,

Celeghini

et al. 2024

IJMS

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“…Delayed latency of the flash visual-evoked potential-P2 (FVEP-P2) is known to assist in the diagnosis of AD and ADMCI. Arruda et al 6 show how their FVEP-P2 Conversion Scores can standardize latency across all clinics. They then demonstrate the diagnostic accuracy of the newly developed scores.…”

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confidence: 99%

Special Issue: Mild Cognitive Impairment

Moore¹

2022

Clin EEG Neurosci

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Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is found in Alzheimer's disease (ADMCI), Parkinson's disease (PDMCI), Lewy body dementia, cerebrovascular disease (Bradfield 1 ), sleep apnea and insomnia (Gilley 2 ). Studies have shown that monoclonal antibody treatment removes amyloid plaques from the AD brain. However, this did not result in clinical improvement in moderate and severe AD. One explanation was that the brain cells were already too damaged. Subsequent studies of mild AD and ADMCI suggested some benefit by reducing amyloid before the brain was too damaged. In June 2021, this led to the FDA approval of the monoclonal antibody, aducanumab, for the treatment of mild AD and ADMCI.This MCI Special Issue is timely, because the FDA approval of aducanumab has led to increased interest in ADMCI. Diagnosis of ADMCI is by PET imaging of brain amyloid plaques, which are already increased before patients meet clinical criteria for AD. The cost of this scan varies between $3000-$5000. This will be prohibitive for many, and there will be a need to find less expensive tests to screen for those who need the scan. Several papers in this Special Issue may help in solving this problem. Del Percio et al. 3 compared ADMCI patients with healthy controls, and conclude that low-cost EEG systems with few electrodes could be used to monitor ADMCI. Using low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA), Caravaglios et al. 4 detected functional restingstate network disconnection in MCI patients, compared with healthy controls. Morabito et al. 5 used artificial intelligence high-density EEG to follow MCI patients for three months. Progression to AD was related to presence of the delta sub-band (1-4 Hz). Delayed latency of the flash visual-evoked potential-P2 (FVEP-P2) is known to assist in the diagnosis of AD and ADMCI. Arruda et al. 6 show how their FVEP-P2 Conversion Scores can standardize latency across all clinics. They then demonstrate the diagnostic accuracy of the newly developed scores. Bruña et al. 7 used magnetoencephalography to compare spectral profiles of healthy controls, patients with amnesic MCI, and individuals showing cognitive impairment without subjective complaints (IWOC). They found slowing of brain activity in MCI, but not in IWOC, suggesting that IWOC is not part of the AD continuum. All these papers suggest that further research will lead to alternative and less expensive diagnostic procedures for ADMCI and mild AD.

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Standardization and Validation of the Flash Visual Evoked Potential-P2 Conversion Scores in the Diagnosis of Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Dementia

Cited by 2 publications

References 40 publications

Retinal Alterations Predict Early Prodromal Signs of Neurodegenerative Disease

Retinal Alterations Predict Early Prodromal Signs of Neurodegenerative Disease

Special Issue: Mild Cognitive Impairment

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