Standardised Nomenclature, Abbreviations, and Units for the Study of Bone Marrow Adiposity: Report of the Nomenclature Working Group of the International Bone Marrow Adiposity Society

Bravenboer, Nathalie; Bredella, Miriam A.; Chauveau, Christophe; Corsi, Alessandro; Douni, Eleni; Ferris, William F.; Riminucci, Mara; Robey, Pamela Gehron; Rojas-Sutterlin, Shanti; Rosen, Clifford J.; Schulz, Tim J.; Cawthorn, William P.

doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00923

Cited by 36 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 124 publications

(145 reference statements)

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“…A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Units and abbreviations are reported in accordance with recently published guidelines for research relating to BM adiposity 71 . Where representative micrographs or PET/CT images are shown, figure legends describe the number of biologically independent samples that these are representative of.…”

Section: A Table Of Key Resources Is Included In the Supplement (Suppmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone marrow adipose tissue is a unique adipose subtype with distinct roles in glucose homeostasis

et al. 2020

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Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) comprises >10% of total adipose mass, yet unlike white or brown adipose tissues (WAT or BAT) its metabolic functions remain unclear. Herein, we address this critical gap in knowledge. Our transcriptomic analyses revealed that BMAT is distinct from WAT and BAT, with altered glucose metabolism and decreased insulin responsiveness. We therefore tested these functions in mice and humans using positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) with 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose. This revealed that BMAT resists insulin-and cold-stimulated glucose uptake, while further in vivo studies showed that, compared to WAT, BMAT resists insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation. Thus, BMAT is functionally distinct from WAT and BAT. However, in humans basal glucose uptake in BMAT is greater than in axial bones or subcutaneous WAT and can be greater than that in skeletal muscle, underscoring the potential of BMAT to influence systemic glucose homeostasis. These PET/CT studies characterise BMAT function in vivo, establish new methods for BMAT analysis, and identify BMAT as a distinct, major adipose tissue subtype.

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Section: A Table Of Key Resources Is Included In the Supplement (Suppmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone marrow adipose tissue is a unique adipose subtype with distinct roles in glucose homeostasis

et al. 2020

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“…The BMAS Working Group in Methodologies and the collaborative BMAS community at large present the opportunity to reach methodological consensus guidelines and propose minimal standards that would strengthen the quality of our scientific output, increase comparability and prepare the field for multi-site preclinical and clinical studies which can pave the way to sound clinical translation. As a first step, incorporation of the BMAS nomenclature guidelines presented in the accompanying piece of this issue (31) and adherence to the methodology reporting guidelines presented here ( Table 1) will ensure a common language for our community. In addition, we would like to invite readers to contribute by commenting on this review in the comments section of the "Frontiers in Endocrinology" website.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two types of dimensional quantification are possible: two dimensional in terms of perimeter, diameter and area, and three dimensional in terms of volume and surface (29). Moreover, as described in the consensus on bone histomorphometry (30) and extensively discussed in the accompanying BMAS nomenclature position paper, BMA parameters should be presented in relation to a reference region (31). By using a common referent, it is possible to assess changes in the number or percentage of adipocytes following an intervention or comparing physiological and pathological states.…”

Section: Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hematopoietic area is defined either by CD45 positivity in immunohistochemistry or, morphologically, by the areas defined by the high density of hematopoietic cell nuclei within the marrow space. Exhaustive recommendations on BMA nomenclature are available in the accompanying white paper authored by the BMAS Working Group in Nomenclature (31).…”

Section: Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reporting Guidelines, Review of Methodological Standards, and Challenges Toward Harmonization in Bone Marrow Adiposity Research. Report of the Methodologies Working Group of the International Bone Marrow Adiposity Society

et al. 2020

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The interest in bone marrow adiposity (BMA) has increased over the last decade due to its association with, and potential role, in a range of diseases (osteoporosis, diabetes, anorexia, cancer) as well as treatments (corticosteroid, radiation, chemotherapy, thiazolidinediones). However, to advance the field of BMA research, standardization of methods is desirable to increase comparability of study outcomes and foster collaboration. Therefore, at the 2017 annual BMA meeting, the International Bone Marrow Adiposity Society (BMAS) founded a working group to evaluate methodologies in BMA research. All BMAS members could volunteer to participate. The working group members, who are all active preclinical or clinical BMA researchers, searched the literature for articles investigating BMA and discussed the results during personal and telephone conferences. According to the consensus opinion, both based on the review of the literature and on expert opinion, we describe existing methodologies and discuss the challenges and future directions for (1) histomorphometry of bone marrow adipocytes, (2) ex vivo BMA imaging, (3) in vivo BMA imaging, (4) cell isolation, culture, differentiation and in vitro modulation of primary bone marrow adipocytes and bone marrow stromal cell precursors, (5) lineage tracing and in vivo BMA modulation, and (6) BMA biobanking. We identify as accepted standards in BMA research: manual histomorphometry and osmium tetroxide 3D contrast-enhanced µCT for ex vivo quantification, specific MRI sequences (WFI and H-MRS) for in vivo studies, and RT-qPCR with a minimal four gene panel or lipid-based assays for in vitro quantification of bone marrow adipogenesis. Emerging techniques are described which may soon come to complement or substitute these gold standards. Known confounding factors and minimal reporting standards are presented, and their use is encouraged to facilitate comparison across studies. In conclusion, specific BMA methodologies have been developed. However, important challenges remain. In particular, we advocate for the harmonization of methodologies, the precise reporting of known confounding factors, and the identification of methods to modulate BMA independently from other tissues. Wider use of existing animal models with impaired BMA production (e.g., Pfrt −/− , Kit W/W−v) and development of specific BMA deletion models would be highly desirable for this purpose.

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“…Following the initial manual steps performed by the user in setting "Tissue Boundaries, " excluding "Artifacts, " and defining the "Background" within the QuPath environment as described above ( Figure 3B), the MarrowQuant plugin first identifies the bone compartment within the given "Tissue Boundaries." The bone mask is then subtracted to generate the total area of interest that we define as the "Total Marrow Area" (Ma.Ar) ascribing to the nomenclature recommendations for BMA (32). Within the "Total Marrow Area, " nucleated cells are detected to generate the "Hematopoietic Cellularity" mask.…”

Section: Bone Marrow Quantification With Marrowquantmentioning

confidence: 99%

MarrowQuant Across Aging and Aplasia: A Digital Pathology Workflow for Quantification of Bone Marrow Compartments in Histological Sections

et al. 2020

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in mid-sections of murine C57BL/6 bones in homeostatic conditions, including quantification of the highly predictable red-to-yellow transitions in the proximal section of the caudal tail and in the proximal-to-distal tibia. Additionally, we present a comparative skeletal map induced by lethal irradiation, with longitudinal quantification of the "red-to-yellow-to-red" transition over 2 months in C57BL/6 femurs and tibiae. We find that, following BM transplantation, BM adiposity inversely correlates with kinetics of hematopoietic recovery and that a proximal to distal gradient is conserved. Analysis of in vivo recovery through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reveals comparable kinetics. On human trephine biopsies MarrowQuant successfully recognizes the BM compartments, opening avenues for its application in experimental, or clinical contexts that require standardized human BM evaluation.

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Standardised Nomenclature, Abbreviations, and Units for the Study of Bone Marrow Adiposity: Report of the Nomenclature Working Group of the International Bone Marrow Adiposity Society

Cited by 36 publications

References 124 publications

Bone marrow adipose tissue is a unique adipose subtype with distinct roles in glucose homeostasis

Bone marrow adipose tissue is a unique adipose subtype with distinct roles in glucose homeostasis

Reporting Guidelines, Review of Methodological Standards, and Challenges Toward Harmonization in Bone Marrow Adiposity Research. Report of the Methodologies Working Group of the International Bone Marrow Adiposity Society

MarrowQuant Across Aging and Aplasia: A Digital Pathology Workflow for Quantification of Bone Marrow Compartments in Histological Sections

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