Standardisation: bolstering positive attitudes towards endangered language varieties? Evidence from implicit attitudes

Abstract

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Accepting a “New” Standard Variety: Comparing Explicit Attitudes in Luxembourg and Belgium

“…Neither of the two attitudinal studies reported above measured attitudes (explicit or implicit) towards Standard German and its vernaculars in relation to French, an additional standardised contact variety present in the region (Vari and Tamburelli 2020;Weber 2009). Thus, it remains unclear to what degree French might also carry prestige and perhaps even be a functional standard variety 2 for the vernaculars of the Deutschsprachige Gemeinschaft, with some studies reporting that it competes with Standard German over H(igh) domains in some parts of the region (Gramß 2008;Nelde and Darquennes 2002).…”

“…Besides the significant lack of quantitative studies on explicit attitudes, we are only aware of one study investigating implicit attitudes in the Deutschsprachige Gemeinschaft (Vari and Tamburelli 2020). Their method applied an Implicit Association Test based on Greenwald et al (1998).…”

“…Numerous perceptual dialectological studies show that this localisation of a standard variety also surfaces in attitudes towards regional variation (Eichinger and Stickel 2012;Preston 1989Preston , 1999. However, to the best of our knowledge, only three quantitative studies have investigated attitudinal differences between Moselle Franconian varieties in Luxembourg (Entringer et al 2018;Neises 2013;Vari and Tamburelli 2020). These have shown that speakers typically identify varieties of the Alzette Valley and Luxembourg City as the most "standard-like" in contrast to the varieties from the northern Éislek region, especially the Canton Clervaux, which are perceived to be the most "non-standard-like".…”

“…The second study did not include information regarding participants' region of provenance in the results (Entringer et al 2018). 5 We are only aware of one study that investigated attitudes exclusively in the Éislek region, and specifically Canton Clervaux (Vari and Tamburelli 2020), whose vernacular speakers are identified as the most "non-standard-like" (Entringer et al 2018;Neises 2013). This quantitative study explored vernacular speakers' implicit attitudes, which have been demonstrated to be less influenced by social desirability and official ideology (Dovidio et al 2009;Fazio and Towles-Schwen 1999;Kristiansen 2015;Wilson et al 2000).…”

“…It has five districts: Parc Hosingen, Wincrange, Troisvierges, Weiswampach and the city of Clervaux itself. However, dialectological studies exclude Parc Hosingen from a more or less homogenous northern dialect area (Bruch 1953;Gilles 1999), a stance also taken by the only attitudinal study of this region (Vari and Tamburelli 2020). Information about the usage of Moselle Franconian vernacular and the competence of its speakers in Canton Clervaux is scarce.…”