Standard potentials of the sodium amalgam electrode at various temperatures, with related thermodynamic functions

Mussini, T.; Maina, Aldo; Pagella, Andrea

doi:10.1016/s0021-9614(71)80114-3

Cited by 27 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In turn, E°c is linked to E°m by the relation E°c =E°m + (2RT/F ) ln {r/(kg·dm −3 )}, where r is the solvent density. The data for water (w M = 0) are included from the literature (9) for completeness and comparison. Table 3 gives the smoothed activity coefficients g 2 calculated from equation (2), within the whole m range of validity of the linear F against the m correlation figure 5.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…at w M = 0, (E°m) W = 2.18126 V at T = 298.15 K. (9) Figure 2 shows the difference E°m(expt) − E°m(calc) as a function of m 1/2 obtained from each measured e.m.f. of cell (I) and the fitted activity Figure 3 shows the dependence of E°m on the composition of (methanol + water), and the monotonic variation of E°m with w M shows a slight inflexion at w M = 0.2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermodynamics of the cell: {NaxHg1−x|NaCl(m)|AgCl|Ag} in (methanol+water) solvent mixtures

Basili

Mussini

et al. 1996

The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamics of the cell: {NaxHg1−x|NaCl(m)|AgCl|Ag} in (methanol+water) solvent mixtures

Basili

Mussini

et al. 1996

The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics

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“…In Equation (2), A and B are Debye-Huckel constants and a' is the ion-size parameter, which for NaC1, a' = 4.0 A [9], b is a constant characteristic of the particular electrolyte to be studied, and Z , and Z -are the charge numbers of cation and anion, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By substituting Equation 2 in Equation 1 for the mean activity coefficient (7,) and by a double extrapolation procedure, first to the infinite dilution of NaCl and then to the infinite dilution of amalgam, one can obtain the constant b and the quantity -Eli), The same mathematical treatment as used by Mussini [9] has been used here to evaluate b and -El,). Substituting the experimentally obtained value for b in Equation 2, one can calculate the activity coefficients.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium activity measurements in protein solutions with sodium amalgam electrodes

1991

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A method using sodium amalgam electrodes has been developed to study the effect of protein on activity measurements and residual liquid junction potential of sodium in protein-containing solutions. It was tested for reliability by application to aqueous sodium chloride solutions before it was applied to protein-containing solutions. The experimentally determined activity coefficients are in good agreement . with the activity coefficients for aqueous sodium chloride solutions reported in literature. Therefore, we used this method to measure the activity of NaCl solutions containing varying concentrations of bovine serum albumin (BSA). The electrode slope of the electrode responses in a protein-containing medium does not differ from that of pure aqueous solutions. A functional relationship has been established between the concentration of protein and the percent bias in the measurements. Meaurements of electromotive force made in protein-containing solutions do not show any evidence of protein effect on liquid junction potential.

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“…In an applied study by Mussini et al [95], the activity of sodium in amalgams (x Na ≤ 0.0125) in the temperature interval 10-70°C was measured with a silver chloride reference electrode. Aqueous sodium chloride solutions served as electrolyte:…”

Section: Liquid Alloys Of the Mercury-sodium Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid alloys of the mercury-sodium system: Thermodynamics, structure, and applications

Морачевский

2014

Russ J Appl Chem

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Published data on thermodynamic properties, structure, and applications of liquid mercury-sodium alloys are discussed. 115 years ago, N.S. Kurnakov published in Russian, German, and French chemical journals the fi rst and, at the same time, the basic paper, "On Mutual Compounds of Metals" [1]. In this paper, he analyzed the results of studying the phase diagrams of sodium and potassium amalgams and of sodium alloys with cadmium, lead, and bismuth. Such previously unknown compounds as HgNa and Hg 2 Na were discovered. Their existence could not be rationalized from the standpoint of the classical valence theory. Kurnakov noted: "…Alkali and alkaline earth metals exhibiting the most pronounced base or metal properties show particularly pronounced tendency to form compounds. Their combinations with Hg, Zn, Pb, Sn, Cd, Bi, and other heavy metals are undoubtedly the most characteristic and the best defi ned group of mutual combinations of metals known by now. As could be expected from the position of alkali metals in the periodic table, this group is characterized by extraordinary diversity of forms" [1].Paper [1] initiated broad-scale studies of variablecomposition phases in metal systems in Russia. In subsequent papers, Kurnakov and his closest coworkers and disciples formulated the concept of bertollides and daltonides, developed the doctrine of compositionproperty diagrams, and laid the groundwork for a major section of general chemistry, physicochemical analysis [2][3][4].The logical continuation of studies on phase diagrams of metal systems was studying the nature, thermodynamic properties, and structure of liquid alloys. Such studies were performed particularly actively in the second half of the XX century. Liquid mercury-sodium alloys fi nd diverse applications in technology, which has been noted in a number of special monographs [5][6][7][8][9]. The production of chlorine and alkali by electrolysis with a liquid mercury cathode remains an important application fi eld of sodium amalgam [7,10]. Certain problems related to the use of sodium amalgam are discussed in the concluding part of this review.According to published data, mercury forms with sodium a congruently melting compound Hg 2 Na (mp 353°C) and a series of compounds melting with decomposition

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Standard potentials of the sodium amalgam electrode at various temperatures, with related thermodynamic functions

Cited by 27 publications

References 7 publications

Thermodynamics of the cell: {NaxHg1−x|NaCl(m)|AgCl|Ag} in (methanol+water) solvent mixtures

Thermodynamics of the cell: {NaxHg1−x|NaCl(m)|AgCl|Ag} in (methanol+water) solvent mixtures

Sodium activity measurements in protein solutions with sodium amalgam electrodes

Liquid alloys of the mercury-sodium system: Thermodynamics, structure, and applications

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