Standard methods for maintaining adult<i>Apis mellifera</i>in cages under<i>in vitro</i>laboratory conditions

Williams, Geoffrey R.; Alaux, Cédric; Costa, Cecília; Csáki, Tamás; Doublet, Vincent; Eisenhardt, Dorothea; Fries, Ingemar; Kühn, Rolf; McMahon, Dino P.; Mędrzycki, Piotr; Murray, Tomás E.; Natsopoulou, Myrsini E.; Neumann, Peter; Oliver, Randy; Paxton, Robert J.; Pernal, Stephen F.; Shutler, Dave; Tanner, Gina; Steen, J.J.M. van der; Brodschneider, Robert

doi:10.3896/ibra.1.52.1.04

Cited by 278 publications

(235 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…The fully detailed information about the RFID system provider, RFID tag characteristics and fixation on honeybees may be found in previously published material [9,10,21]. The cohorts of newly emerged worker bees with homogeneous age were obtained by caging a queen with preselected brood frames containing enough empty cells for eggs [26]. Therefore, each year, newly emerged cohorts were obtained from a single colony independent of the experimental ones, but still originating from sister queens within the same livestock, held at the UE Entomologie of INRA Magneraud.…”

Section: (B) Computation and Validation Of The Field Exposure Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconciling laboratory and field assessments of neonicotinoid toxicity to honeybees

Henry

Cerrutti

Aupinel³

et al. 2015

Proc. R. Soc. B.

135

129

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European governments have banned the use of three common neonicotinoid pesticides due to insufficiently identified risks to bees. This policy decision is controversial given the absence of clear consistency between toxicity assessments of those substances in the laboratory and in the field. Although laboratory trials report deleterious effects in honeybees at trace levels, field surveys reveal no decrease in the performance of honeybee colonies in the vicinity of treated fields. Here we provide the missing link, showing that individual honeybees near thiamethoxam-treated fields do indeed disappear at a faster rate, but the impact of this is buffered by the colonies' demographic regulation response. Although we could ascertain the exposure pathway of thiamethoxam residues from treated flowers to honeybee dietary nectar, we uncovered an unexpected pervasive co-occurrence of similar concentrations of imidacloprid, another neonicotinoid normally restricted to non-entomophilous crops in the study country. Thus, its origin and transfer pathways through the succession of annual crops need be elucidated to conveniently appraise the risks of combined neonicotinoid exposures. This study reconciles the conflicting laboratory and field toxicity assessments of neonicotinoids on honeybees and further highlights the difficulty in actually detecting non-intentional effects on the field through conventional risk assessment methods.

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Section: (B) Computation and Validation Of The Field Exposure Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconciling laboratory and field assessments of neonicotinoid toxicity to honeybees

Henry

Cerrutti

Aupinel³

et al. 2015

Proc. R. Soc. B.

135

129

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“…Feedbee®, a commercial pollen substitute, was also tested as dough (diet 2, Table I). Diets 5, 6, and 7 were wetted with 10% (w / w ) water (Williams et al 2013). The pollen loads of diets 3 and 4 were mixed with more water (30%) becausethedough wasstill powdery with 10%water.…”

Section: Protein Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Newly emerged honey bee workers (0-24 h old) were obtained by incubating sealed brood combs from several unrelated honey bee colonies at 34.5°C under standard conditions (Williams et al 2013). Randomly chosen newly emerged bees from these brood combs were mixed and introduced into test cages.…”

Section: Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera L)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of different pollen diets on the development of hypopharyngeal glands and size of acid gland sacs in caged honey bees (Apis mellifera)

Omar¹,

Abd-Ella²,

Khodairy³

et al. 2016

Apidologie

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-We examined the consumption rate of protein diets in caged and free-flying honey bees, amino acid composition of diets, and diet effects on gland development. The effect of seven different diets (sugar solution only, Feedbee®, Helianthus pollen, Sinapis pollen, Asparagus pollen, Castanea pollen, and mixed pollen diet) on the development of the hypopharyngeal (HPG) and acid glands (AG) was tested in caged honey bees. Caged bees consumed the protein diet mainly at the age of 1-8 days, with the highest consumption rate on day 3. Different diets affected the development of both glands. The acini of HPG attained their maximum size in caged bees at an age of 5 days. Bees fed with Castanea sp., Asparagus sp., or mixed pollen had the largest glands among all test groups of this age. The AG sacs of caged bees grew in size between 5 and 12 days and were at day 18 less affected by different protein diets. Castanea sp. and mixed pollen diets were preferably consumed in free-flying colonies.hypopharyngeal glands / acid gland sacs / monofloral pollen / protein / nutrition

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“…Check for emerged adults at least once daily as some adult emergence may be delayed for a number of reasons (environment, diet, treatment influences, etc.). Emerging adults can be maintained by feeding them pollen and a 50% sugar water solution (w/v) in an artificial bioassay cage (Aupinel et al, 2005;Williams et al, 2013). (7) Measurable endpoints for risk assessment (7.1) Mortality is measured daily throughout the rearing process and can be used to calculate the larval, pupal, and total immature bee survival rate (or percent survival).…”

Section: Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protocol for the in vitro rearing of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) workers

Schmehl

Tomé

Mortensen

et al. 2016

Journal of Apicultural Research

102

150

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The in vitro rearing of worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) has become an increasingly important method in honey bee research in general, and in pesticide risk assessment specifically. Authorities from the European Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and the United States Environmental Protection Agency are requesting data on pesticide impacts on immature bee survivorship prior to registering new crop protection products. Those using the current in vitro rearing protocols have had variable success with immature bee survival and protocol repeatability. Here, we present an improved method for the in vitro rearing of worker honey bees from larvae to adult emergence. We have achieved consistently high survival (>95%) in our control and solvent-control rearing trials. Changes in the proportion of diet components, royal jelly source, maintenance of the developing bee, and rearing environment are the main contributors for our high rearing success and are discussed herein. Our in vitro rearing protocol can be implemented as the standard protocol to determine the impact of pesticides on immature bees because of the protocol's high control survivability, ease in end point determination, and high overall repeatability. Protocolo para la cría in vitro de obreras de Apis melliferaLa cría in vitro de las abejas obreras (Apis mellifera L.) se ha convertido en un método cada vez más importante en la investigació n de la abeja de la miel en general, y específicamente, en la evaluació n del riesgo de los plaguicidas. Las autoridades de la Organizació n Europea para la Cooperació n y el Desarrollo, y la Agencia de Protecció n Ambiental de los Estados Unidos están solicitando datos sobre los efectos de los plaguicidas en la supervivencia de abejas inmaduras antes de registrar nuevos productos para la protecció n de los cultivos. Aquellos que utilizan actualmente los protocolos de la cría in vitro han tenido un éxito variable en la supervivencia de abejas inmaduras y la repetitividad del protocolo. Aquí presentamos un método mejorado para la cría in vitro de las abejas obreras a partir de larvas para la eclosió n de los adultos. Hemos logrado consistentemente una alta supervivencia (>95%) en nuestro control y en los ensayos de cría con el disolvente del control. Los cambios en la proporció n de los componentes de la dieta, la fuente de jalea real, el mantenimiento de las abejas en desarrollo, y el ambiente de cría son los principales constituyentes para nuestro alto éxito de cría y son discutidos en este trabajo. Nuestro protocolo de cría in vitro puede ser implementado como el protocolo estándar para determinar el impacto de los plaguicidas en las abejas inmaduras debido a la alta capacidad de supervivencia del control, la facilidad en la determinació n del punto final, y la alta capacidad de repetitividad.

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Standard methods for maintaining adultApis melliferain cages underin vitrolaboratory conditions

Cited by 278 publications

References 153 publications

Reconciling laboratory and field assessments of neonicotinoid toxicity to honeybees

Reconciling laboratory and field assessments of neonicotinoid toxicity to honeybees

Influence of different pollen diets on the development of hypopharyngeal glands and size of acid gland sacs in caged honey bees (Apis mellifera)

Protocol for the in vitro rearing of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) workers

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