Standard Method for Taking and Recording Blood Pressure Readings

Barker, Margaret

doi:10.1001/jama.1939.72800290001008

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Two BP measurements were obtained using an appropriately sized cuff, determined from an arm circumference measurement, and a random-zero sphygmomanometer (Hawksley and Sons Ltd). 13,17 Participants sat for at least five minutes in an upright position with their back and arms supported, feet flat on the floor and legs uncrossed after which trained staff conducted the two BP measurements, separated by one minute, in the right arm. As previously described, the random-zero BP measurements were calibrated to an oscillometric device using robust regression.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of using 24‐hour and nighttime blood pressure for the identification of white coat hypertension: Data from the Jackson Heart Study

Anstey

Colantonio

Yano

et al. 2018

J of Clinical Hypertension

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We calculated the prevalence of white coat hypertension (WCH) using out-of-clinic blood pressure (BP) in the daytime period; daytime and 24-hour periods; and daytime, 24-hour, and nighttime periods among 199 African Americans with clinic-measured systolic/diastolic BP ≥140/90 mm Hg in the Jackson Heart Study. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was measured among participants with WCH and 374 participants with sustained normotension (ie, non-hypertensive clinic, daytime, 24-hour, and nighttime BP). The prevalence of WCH was 29.6%, 21.1%, and 10.6% using daytime BP; daytime and 24-hour BP; and daytime, 24-hour, and nighttime BP, respectively. Compared with sustained normotension, LVMI was higher when WCH was defined using daytime BP (adjusted mean difference [95% CI] 5.0 [-0.2, 10.1] g/m ), but not when defined using daytime and 24-hour BP or daytime, 24-hour, and nighttime BP (adjusted mean difference [95% CI] 3.9 [-1.9, 9.7] and 0.4 [-7.3,8.2] g/m , respectively). Using only daytime BP overestimates the prevalence of WCH among African Americans.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of using 24‐hour and nighttime blood pressure for the identification of white coat hypertension: Data from the Jackson Heart Study

Anstey

Colantonio

Yano

et al. 2018

J of Clinical Hypertension

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“…A random zero sphygmomanometer (Hawksley and Sons Ltd) and appropriate cuff size, determined from an arm circumference measurement, was used. 13, 20 The JHS Coordinating Center conducted quality control by monitoring digit preference for each technician and by comparing mean BP measurements within and between trained technicians. The two clinic-measured BP measurements were averaged for analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Masked Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease Events in a Prospective Cohort of Blacks

et al. 2016

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Masked hypertension, defined as non-elevated clinic blood pressure (BP) with elevated out-of-clinic BP, has been associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in Europeans and Asians. Few data are available on masked hypertension and CVD and mortality risk among African Americans (AAs). We analyzed data from the Jackson Heart Study, a prospective cohort study of AAs. Analyses included participants with clinic-measured systolic/diastolic BP (SBP/DBP)<140/90mmHg who completed ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) following the baseline exam in 2000–2004 (n=738). Masked daytime (10:00am–8:00pm) hypertension was defined as mean ambulatory SBP/DBP≥135/85mmHg. Masked nighttime (midnight-6:00am) hypertension was defined as mean ambulatory SBP/DBP≥120/70mmHg. Masked 24-hour hypertension was defined as mean SBP/DBP≥130/80mmHg. CVD events (nonfatal/fatal stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction or fatal coronary heart disease) and deaths identified through December 2010 were adjudicated. Any masked hypertension (masked daytime, nighttime or 24-hour hypertension) was present in 52.2% of participants; 28.2%, 48.2% and 31.7% had masked daytime, nighttime and 24-hour hypertension, respectively. There were 51 CVD events and 44 deaths over a median follow-up of 8.2 and 8.5 years, respectively. CVD rates per 1,000 person-years (95% CI) in participants with and without any masked hypertension were 13.5 (9.9–18.4) and 3.9 (2.2–7.1), respectively. The multivariable adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) for CVD was 2.49 (1.26–4.93) for any masked hypertension and 2.86 (1.59–5.13), 2.35 (1.23–4.50) and 2.52 (1.39–4.58) for masked daytime, nighttime and 24-hour hypertension, respectively. Masked hypertension was not associated with all-cause mortality. Masked hypertension is common and associated with increased risk for CVD events in AAs.

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“…An appropriately sized cuff, determined from an arm circumference measurement, and a random-zero sphygmomanometer (Hawksley and Sons Ltd) were used for the BP measurement. 10, 14 Participants sat for at least five minutes in an upright position with their back and arms supported, feet flat on the floor and legs uncrossed before trained staff conducted two BP measurements, separated by one minute, in the right arm. The JHS Coordinating Center conducted quality control through training and semi-annual retraining of staff, 15 monitoring digit preference for each staff member, and by comparing mean BP measurements within and between trained technicians.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicted Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Masked Hypertension Among Blacks in the Jackson Heart Study

Anstey

Booth

Abdalla

et al. 2017

Circ: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes

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Background Among individuals without hypertension based on clinic blood pressure (BP), it is unclear who should be screened for masked hypertension, defined as having hypertension based on out-of-clinic BP. We hypothesized that individuals with a higher 10-year predicted atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk, calculated using the Pooled Cohort risk equations, have a higher prevalence of masked hypertension. Methods and Results We analyzed data from the Jackson Heart Study, a population-based cohort of African Americans, to determine the association of predicted ASCVD risk with masked hypertension. The sample included 644 participants, 40–79 years of age, with clinic systolic/diastolic BP <140/90 mmHg, who completed ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), were free of cardiovascular disease, and had data on factors needed to calculate ASCVD risk. Ten-year predicted ASCVD risk was calculated using the Pooled Cohort risk equations. Any masked hypertension was defined as masked daytime hypertension (mean daytime systolic/diastolic BP≥135/85 mmHg), masked nighttime hypertension (mean nighttime systolic/diastolic BP≥120/70 mmHg), or masked 24-hour hypertension (mean 24-hour systolic/diastolic BP≥130/80 mmHg). The prevalence of any masked hypertension was 54.0%. Compared to participants in the lowest (<5%) predicted ASCVD risk category, multivariable adjusted prevalence ratios (95% confidence interval [CI]) for any masked hypertension were 1.36 (1.03–1.79), 1.62 (1.22–2.16), and 1.91 (1.47–2.48) for those with ASCVD risk of 5% to <7.5%, 7.5% to <10%, and ≥10%, respectively. The c-statistic for discriminating between participants with versus without any masked hypertension was 0.681 (95% CI 0.640–0.723) for ASCVD risk and 0.703 (95% CI 0.662–0.744) for clinic SBP and DBP. Conclusions Higher ASCVD risk was associated with an increased prevalence of masked hypertension. Although the discrimination of ASCVD risk for masked hypertension was not superior to clinic BP, risk prediction equations may be useful for identifying the subgroup of individuals with both masked hypertension and high predicted ASCVD risk.

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Standard Method for Taking and Recording Blood Pressure Readings

Cited by 25 publications

References 1 publication

The importance of using 24‐hour and nighttime blood pressure for the identification of white coat hypertension: Data from the Jackson Heart Study

The importance of using 24‐hour and nighttime blood pressure for the identification of white coat hypertension: Data from the Jackson Heart Study

Masked Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease Events in a Prospective Cohort of Blacks

Predicted Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Masked Hypertension Among Blacks in the Jackson Heart Study

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