Standard Heterosis for Grain Yield and its Attributing Traits in Early Maturing Maize Hybrids

Abstract

The present study was conducted at the research farm of Dryland Agriculture Research Station, SKUAST-Kashmir during the kharif of 2019. Range of heterosis was calculated over standard check. The most desirable cross combinations viz., KDM-440 x KDM-914A (-5.879), KDM-440 x V-335 (-4.468), KDM-930 x V-351(-4.165), KDM-927A x V-335 (-3.986), CML-470 x KDM-914A (-3.808) for days to maturity, KDM-347 x V-351 (4.967) CML-470 x KDM-914A (4.610), CML-474 × V-351(-4.396), KDM-927 A x V-351 (-3.110), KDM-930 x V 335 (2.896) for number of kernel rows per cob, KDM-347 x V-351(-7.544), KDM-440 x V-351 (6.438), KDM-916A x KDM-914 A(6.117), CML-470 × V-351(5.992), CML-474 x V-335 (5.274) for number of kernels per row, KDM-340 x V-351 (3.966), KDM340 x KDM-914A (3.150), KDM-930 x V-351(3.165), KDM-440 x KDM-914 (3.556), KDM-347 x V-351(3.324) for 100-grain weight, KDM-347 x V351 (34.197), KDM-440 x V335 (28.933), CML470 x KDM-914A (29.380), KDM-895 x KDM914A (25.383), KDM927A x KDM-914A (19.549) for grain yield per plant were observed in the present study. The range of heterosis over standard check for days to maturity from -3.796 (CML-425 × KDM-914A) to (2.414) CML-474 × KDM-914A. The extent of heterosis for number of kernel rows per ear over standard check ranged from CML-470 x V-335(28.576) to KDM-916A × V -335(-2.143), for quantity of kernels per row maximum well known heterosis ranged from CML-470 × V-351 (19.079) to KDM-347 × V-351 (-15.132), for 100- grain weight, heterosis ranged from 22.3% for CML-470 x KDM-914 A to -3.5% for KDM-916A × V-335. For grain yield per plant, heterosis ranged from 61.9% for CML-470 x K DM-914 A to 9.3% for KDM916A x V-335. Standard heterosis for crosses CML -470 × KDM-914 A, CML-474 × V-351, KDM-440 × V-335 should be tested for multilocation to make valid conclusion related to their use in commercial maize cultivation.

Estimating Magnitude of Standard Heterosis in Mid-altitude Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids for Grain Yield and Yield Related Traits at Haro Sabu, West Oromia, Ethiopia

“…Most of the crosses had non-significant (p>0.05) SH for KRPE and KPR compared to the check (Table 3). Karim et al (2018) [7] ; Kumar et al (2021) [9] reported significant heterosis for grain yield and yield attributing traits which was in accordance with this study. Standard heterosis for thousand seed weight (TKW) ranged from -17.77% for L10xT4 to9.43%for L3xT2 than BH547.…”

“…The presence of significant genotypic difference indicates existence of inherent genetic variation which could be exploited and makes selection possible for further maize breeding program. The depicted genetic variation among the tested genotypes for character of interest pave the way for breeder to carryout careful selection of the most desirable crosses and these finding is in agreement with Kumar et al (2021) [9] ; Yadesa (2022) [22] . 0.14 0.03 0.13 0.24 Whereas, HSARC= Haro Sabu Agricultural Research Centre, Rep= replication, Rep (block)= block within replication, **= significant difference at 0.01 probability level *= significant difference at 0.05 probability level and values with no asterisk are non-significant…”

“…As ASI is the most desirable trait in determining drought tolerance, the cross identified for shorter mean indicates short gaps between days to DA and DS, which are desirable for good seed setting and drought tolerance. Away from this; the longer ASI, the variability of pollen would be reduced and abnormal fertilization might take place or not totally happen, which may in turn leads to yield lose and these finding was comparable with Kumar et al (2021) [9] ; Xiao et al (2021) [19] reports. For DA and DS, 20 and 19 crosses were significantly earlier than BH547, respectively.…”

“…These cross combination is highly prolific than the standard check and could be used to improve grain yield. Complimentary result was found by Anor et al (2020); Kumar et al (2021) [9] who reported the increasing SH effect for number of ear per plant. On the contrary, three crosses showed undesirable significant and negative SH for EPP (Table 3).…”

“…Hence, attention should be given during inclusion of the selected cross in maize breeding. Woldu et al (2020) [20] ; Kumar et al (2021) [9] reported the increasing and decreasing plant statue over the standard checks in their separate study. For harvest index (HI), L2xT3 displayed the lowest mean (33.05 t ha -1 ) while L10xT2 showed the highest mean (58.99 t ha -1 ) with average mean of 46.86 t ha -1 .…”