Standard fortification of preterm human milk fails to meet recommended protein intake: Bedside evaluation by Near-Infrared-Reflectance-Analysis

Corvaglia, Luigi; Aceti, Arianna; Paoletti, Vittoria; Mariani, Elisa; Patrono, Daniela; Ancora, Gina; Capretti, Maria Grazia; Faldella, Giacomo

doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2010.04.001

Cited by 54 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Arslanoglu et al 10 and Corvaglia et al 18 measured actual nutrient content of human milk including standard fortification. Both groups reported protein levels below the recommended 3.5 to 4.0 g/kg bodyweight/day at intakes of 150 ml/kg body weight/ day.…”

Section: Standard Fortificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human milk fortification strategies for improved in-hospital growth of preterm infants

Kemp

Wenhold

2016

South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Human milk is the preferred feed for preterm infants, yet it may need to be fortified for optimal growth and development. Standard fortification of human milk seldom meets the recommended intake of protein, leading to inadequate post-natal growth. This article aims to critically review different human milk fortification strategies with a focus on in-hospital growth of premature infants in resource-limited settings. Super, adjustable and target fortification are compared to standard fortification. Different growth outcome parameters limit comparability of findings, but super fortification and adjustable fortification present opportunities to explore. More uniform growth outcome assessment is recommended. Practical implementation and costeffectiveness in the local setting need to be investigated.

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Section: Standard Fortificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human milk fortification strategies for improved in-hospital growth of preterm infants

Kemp

Wenhold

2016

South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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“…6 The authors of this study concluded that the protein content of human milk with standard fortification failed to meet the requirements of preterm infants, thereby affecting their growth. 6 Several studies have demonstrated that HMF containing an increased protein level is beneficial to infant growth. [7][8][9][10] A study undertaken at eight US hospitals demonstrated that HMFs containing both standard and higher protein levels were well-tolerated; and that the blood chemistries were normal and acceptable for the infants' ages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Human milk fortifier with high versus standard protein content for promoting growth of preterm infants: A meta-analysis

Liu

Dang

et al. 2015

J Int Med Res

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Objective: To compare the growth of preterm infants fed standard protein-fortified human milk with that containing human milk fortifier (HMF) with a higher-than-standard protein content. Methods: Published articles reporting randomized controlled trials and prospective observational intervention studies listed on the PubMed Õ , Embase Õ , CINAHL and Cochrane Library databases were searched using the keywords 'fortifier', 'human milk', 'breastfeeding', 'breast milk' and 'human milk fortifier'. The mean difference with 95% confidence intervals was used to compare the effect of HMF with a higher-than-standard protein content on infant growth characteristics. Results: Five studies with 352 infants with birth weight 1750 g and a gestational age 34 weeks who were fed human milk were included in this meta-analysis. Infants in the experimental groups given human milk with higher-than-standard protein fortifier achieved significantly greater weight and length at the end of the study, and greater weight gain, length gain, and head circumference gain, compared with control groups fed human milk with the standard HMF. Conclusions: HMF with a higher-than-standard protein content can improve preterm infant growth compared with standard HMF.

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“…The optimal method for HM fortification still remains to be determined, and a great variety of protocols are currently used in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). HM protein content after standard fortification is too low to meet the recommended intake for preterm infants in approximately half of the cases [36]. Low protein intake has been proven to be the primary limiting factor responsible for growth failure of preterm infants.…”

Section: Hm and The Use Of Fortificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological and Nutritional Aspects of Human Milk in Feeding of Preterm Infants

Giribaldi¹,

Cavallarin²,

Cristina³

et al. 2012

FNS

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Breastfeeding and human milk are the normative standards for feeding and nutrition of both term and pre-term infants. Fresh mother's own milk is recognized as the optimal choice for feeding all newborns, including preterm and very low birth weight infants. Evidence documents short and long-term metabolic, immunologic and neurodevelopmental advantages of breastfeeding when compared to formula. Moreover, benefits of breastfeeding on psychological and relational aspects have to be considered. Currently, human milk supplementation is usually performed to meet the specific nutritional requirements of preterm infants. When mother's milk is unavailable or in short supply, donor milk represents the best alternative, although some nutritional elements are inactivated by the necessary pasteurization process. Aim of this review is to briefly summarize the main biological and nutritional factors that contribute to the beneficial effects of human milk feeding for preterm infants.

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Standard fortification of preterm human milk fails to meet recommended protein intake: Bedside evaluation by Near-Infrared-Reflectance-Analysis

Cited by 54 publications

References 14 publications

Human milk fortification strategies for improved in-hospital growth of preterm infants

Human milk fortification strategies for improved in-hospital growth of preterm infants

Human milk fortifier with high versus standard protein content for promoting growth of preterm infants: A meta-analysis

Biological and Nutritional Aspects of Human Milk in Feeding of Preterm Infants

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