Standard deviation of microscopy images used as indicator for growth stages

Wagner, Thorsten; Antczak, Grażyna; Ghanbari, Ebrahim; Navarro-Quezada, A.; Györök, Michael; Volokitina, Anna; Marschner, Felix; Zeppenfeld, P.

doi:10.1016/j.ultramic.2021.113427

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The area with dark spots is definitely smaller than one would expect from the nominal coverage, indicating either (i) a higher packing density in 2D islands of the second layer or (ii) 3D growth. In both cases, the condensed structure is in equilibrium with a 2D molecular gas phase (or structures smaller than the resolution limit of the PEEM, which is about 150 nm) . The increasing density of this gas phase is therefore the main reason why the MEY decreases continuously.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aurophilic Molecules on Surfaces. Part I. (NapNC)AuCl on Au(110)

et al. 2023

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Aurophilicity is a well-known phenomenon in structural gold chemistry and is found in many crystals of Au(I) complexes. However, these attractive dispersion forces between and within complexes containing Au(I) moieties have not been well studied in ultrathin films. In this paper, we elucidate the interaction of chlorido(2-naphthyl isonitrile)gold(I) on and with Au(110) surfaces. Already during physical vapor deposition, the condensation of ultrathin films is monitored by photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM) and by incremental and spectrally resolved changes in the optical reflectance (DDRS). Additional structural data obtained by STM and LEED reveal that the “crossed swords” packing motif known from the bulk is also present in thin films. The molecular arrangement changes several times during thin-film deposition.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aurophilic Molecules on Surfaces. Part I. (NapNC)AuCl on Au(110)

et al. 2023

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“…PEEM can be used to identify different growth stages by analyzing the evolution of the normalized standard deviation ( ) during the deposition. The details of the procedure are discussed in ref . From the plot of in Figure , it can be seen that the maximum of is at a coverage of 0.8 ML.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attenuation of Photoelectron Emission by a Single Organic Layer

Wagner

Zeppenfeld

2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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We report an in situ study of the thin-film growth of cobalt-phthalocyanine on Ag(100) surfaces using photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM) and the Anderson method. Based on the Fowler–DuBridge theory, we were able to correlate the evolution of the mean electron yield acquired with PEEM for coverages up to two molecular layers of cobalt-phthalocyanine to the global work function changes measured with the Anderson method. For coverages above two monolayers, the transients measured with the Anderson method and those obtained with PEEM show different trends. We exploit this discrepancy to determine the inelastic mean free path of the low-energy electrons while passing through the third layer of CoPc.

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“…Pcs arrange into well-ordered islands on smooth metal surfaces after the so-called critical coverage is reached. In the case of Ag(100) at room temperature, CoPc island creation is detected from around 0.8 monolayer (ML) onward ( Wagner et al, 2022a ; b ). Between critical and ML coverage, the coexistence of mobile molecules in a so-called 2D gas phase with ordered islands was found by photoemission electron microscopy investigations ( Wagner et al, 2022a ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-molecular diffusivity and long jumps of large organic molecules: CoPc on Ag(100)

Sabik,

Ellis,

Hedgeland

et al. 2024

Front. Chem.

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Energy dissipation and the transfer rate of adsorbed molecules do not only determine the rates of chemical reactions but are also a key factor that often dictates the growth of organic thin films. Here, we present a study of the surface dynamical motion of cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) on Ag(100) in reciprocal space based on the helium spin-echo technique in comparison with previous scanning tunnelling microscopy studies. It is found that the activation energy for lateral diffusion changes from 150 meV at 45–50 K to ≈100 meV at 250–350 K, and that the process goes from exclusively single jumps at low temperatures to predominantly long jumps at high temperatures. We thus illustrate that while the general diffusion mechanism remains similar, upon comparing the diffusion process over widely divergent time scales, indeed different jump distributions and a decrease of the effective diffusion barrier are found. Hence a precise molecular-level understanding of dynamical processes and thin film formation requires following the dynamics over the entire temperature scale relevant to the process. Furthermore, we determine the diffusion coefficient and the atomic-scale friction of CoPc and establish that the molecular motion on Ag(100) corresponds to a low friction scenario as a consequence of the additional molecular degrees of freedom.

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Standard deviation of microscopy images used as indicator for growth stages

Cited by 6 publications

References 42 publications

Aurophilic Molecules on Surfaces. Part I. (NapNC)AuCl on Au(110)

Aurophilic Molecules on Surfaces. Part I. (NapNC)AuCl on Au(110)

Attenuation of Photoelectron Emission by a Single Organic Layer

Single-molecular diffusivity and long jumps of large organic molecules: CoPc on Ag(100)

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