Stand structure and dynamics of young red alder as affected by planting density

Knowe, Steven A.; Hibbs, David E.

doi:10.1016/0378-1127(95)03690-3

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Spacing and carbon sequestration in Pinus brutia plantations loss due to evaporation caused by wind, resulting in less water content of the soil, which leads to growth retardation in trees especially in hot summer days (Kerr, 2003;Harrington et al, 2009 Knowe & Hibbs (1996) for young red alder (Alnus rubra Bong) and by Kerr (2003) for ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), and with other similar researches.…”

Section: Height Growthmentioning

confidence: 57%

Effects of spacing on early growth rate and carbon sequestration in Pinus brutia Ten. plantations

Erkan¹,

Aydın²

2016

For. syst.

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Aim of study: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of initial spacing on early growth and carbon sequestration rates in Turkish red pine plantations up to 12 years old, established with improved seeds and deep soil cultivation.Area of study: The study was conducted on experimental sites established in two locations within the Turkish red pine natural distribution areas, namely Duacı and Nebiler close to Antalya city.Material and methods: Data were collected from the experimental sites established as a Nelder design (fan-shaped), with 72 rays and 18 arcs (circles), and trees were planted (almost square) at distances ranging from 1.15 to 4.77 m. Soil type of both sites is loamy, with soil clay content varying between 70-87% in Duacı and 51-70% in Nebiler. Soils are deep being more than one m in both sites, but rockier in Nebiler, providing better soil drainage in this site.Main results: The results showed that mean total height was greater at closer spacing than those of wider spacing until age eight. Growth retardation at wider spacing in early years may be related to water loss due to evaporation in hot summer days and weed suppression. Following the age eight, competition among trees appears to be the major factor reducing the growth and carbon fixation. Diameter at breast height and individual tree volume increased, while stand volume, mean annual volume increment and annual carbon storage per hectare considerably decreased for wider spacing. Our results suggest that in order to obtain higher yield and more carbon fixation, short rotation plantations should initially be established in closer spacing, followed by thinning in subsequent years as required by silvicultural concerns. In this context, spacing 3.0 × 1.0 m or 3.0 × 1.5 m (3.0 and 4.5 m 2 growing area per tree, respectively) seems to be more plausible, providing farm machinery for maintenance and harvesting. We also found that mean annual volume increment per unit area can be considerably increased by using improved seed and deep soil cultivation in plantations.Research highlights: Results encourage managers for short rotation management in industrial plantations using closer spacing in terms of carbon sequestration as well as wood production.Keywords

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Section: Height Growthmentioning

confidence: 57%

Effects of spacing on early growth rate and carbon sequestration in Pinus brutia Ten. plantations

Erkan¹,

Aydın²

2016

For. syst.

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“…Seidel 1984;Lanner 1985). However, a few studies show that height growth increases with increasing density in young plantations (Gilbert et al 1995;Knowe and Hibbs 1996;Ritchie 1997). In addition, some researchers reported that height growth in intermediate densities was greater than in the high and the low densities (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Density effects on the growth of self-thinning Eucalyptus urophylla stands

Xue

Pan

Zhang

et al. 2011

Trees

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Density effects on the growth of self-thinning Eucalyptus urophylla stands were examined for 7 years. Tree height and stem diameter at breast height were measured during the experimental period. Stems, branches, leaves, bark and roots of 45 E. urophylla trees were sampled in three different density stands in order to establish their biomass equations. Change trends of the biological time s and density q were described used corresponding equations. The stem weight ratio increased and leaf weight ratio decreased, whereas those of branch, bark and root were relatively steady from 2 years after the planting. The competition-density (C-D) effect equation of mean organ weight w o was derived by combining the allometric power relationship between mean tree weight w and w o with the C-D effect equation of self-thinning stands. The equations of the C-D effect for w and q and for w o and q were used to describe the C-D effects in tree and organs during course of self-thinning, respectively, and showed a good fit to the data. Leaf biomass of different density stands reached a more or less constant level with time elapse. High density produced the greatest biomass and stem biomass, so that it is the best choice in silvicultural practice.

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“…The Nelder design was developed to analyze the impact of a continuous range of densities on the yield of agricultural crops over a smaller area than traditional designs in order to minimize differences in yield related to variability within a site. Researchers have utilized this design in forestry primarily to examine growth and yield for a variety of species (e.g., Smith, 1978;Cole and Newton, 1986;Knowe and Hibbs, 1996;Hummel, 2000;Mabvurira and Miina, 2002;Kerr, 2003). For our plots, moving outward, there was an increase of 30% in space (area) per tree from one arc to the next, and 14% in distance between trees.…”

Section: Experimental Design and Tree Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%