Stand structure and development after gypsy moth defoliation in the Appalachian Plateau

Fajvan, Mary Ann; Wood, John M.

doi:10.1016/s0378-1127(96)03865-0

Cited by 85 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In New England, Campbell and Sloan (1977) found that repeated gypsy moth defoliations in the early 20th century tended to reduce the forest understory (because the understory trees were more likely to die following defoliation) and to decrease somewhat the proportion of oaks, a preferred food of the gypsy moth. In Pennsylvania, gypsy moth defoliation reduced oak abundance by killing many canopy oak trees and releasing subdominant red maples and sugar maples (Fajvan and Wood 1996). Similar releases of understory trees and shrubs occurred after gypsy mothinduced oak mortality in West Virginia and Michigan (Bell andWhitmore 1997b, Jedlicka et al 2004).…”

Section: Gypsy Mothmentioning

confidence: 95%

Forest Ecosystem Responses to Exotic Pests and Pathogens in Eastern North America

Lovett¹,

Canham²,

Arthur³

et al. 2006

BioScience

433

329

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Gypsy Mothmentioning

confidence: 95%

Forest Ecosystem Responses to Exotic Pests and Pathogens in Eastern North America

Lovett¹,

Canham²,

Arthur³

et al. 2006

BioScience

433

329

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Insect herbivores are the primary consumers in forest ecosystems, and are important regulators of nutrient cycling, biomass production, succession patterns, and energy flow (Mattson and Addy 1975;Fajvan and Wood 1996;Lindroth 1996aLindroth , b, 2010Hunter 2001;Lovett et al 2006). Elevated CO 2 generally decreases herbivore growth (Zvereva and Kozlov 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric change alters foliar quality of host trees and performance of two outbreak insect species

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study examined the independent and interactive effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and ozone (O(3)) on the foliar quality of two deciduous trees species and the performance of two outbreak herbivore species. Trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) and paper birch (Betula papyrifera) were grown at the Aspen FACE research site in northern Wisconsin, USA, under four combinations of ambient and elevated CO(2) and O(3). We measured the effects of elevated CO(2) and O(3) on aspen and birch phytochemistry and on gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) and forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria) performance. Elevated CO(2) nominally affected foliar quality for both tree species. Elevated O(3) negatively affected aspen foliar quality, but only marginally influenced birch foliar quality. Elevated CO(2) slightly improved herbivore performance, while elevated O(3) decreased herbivore performance, and both responses were stronger on aspen than birch. Interestingly, elevated CO(2) largely offset decreased herbivore performance under elevated O(3). Nitrogen, lignin, and C:N were identified as having strong influences on herbivore performance when larvae were fed aspen, but no significant relationships were observed for insects fed birch. Our results support the notion that herbivore performance can be affected by atmospheric change through altered foliar quality, but how herbivores will respond will depend on interactions among CO(2), O(3), and tree species. An emergent finding from this study is that tree age and longevity of exposure to pollutants may influence the effects of elevated CO(2) and O(3) on plant-herbivore interactions, highlighting the need to continue long-term atmospheric change research.

show abstract

“…It has devastated large tracts of deciduous forest in northeastern North America and continues to spread west and south (Campbell and Sloan 1977;Fajvan and Wood 1996;Davidson et al 1999). As this range expansion occurs it increasingly overlaps with areas of extensive invasion by exotic understory shrubs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both types of invasions have the potential to alter forest structure, composition and function, and there is considerable potential for interaction between these concurrent invasions (Davidson et al 1999;Jedlicka et al 2004). For instance, gypsy moth invasions generally increase light at the forest floor, causing an increase in the density and growth of non-host species, while host species are suppressed or killed by the defoliation (Fajvan and Wood 1996;Muzika and Liebhold 1999;Naidoo and Lechowicz 2001). If gypsy moth successfully utilize exotic species and avoid natives, feeding caterpillars could potentially retard an exotic plant invasion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential interactions between invasive woody shrubs and the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar), an invasive insect herbivore

2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As the range of the invasive and highly polyphagous gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) expands, it increasingly overlaps with forest areas that have been subject to invasion by non-native shrubs. We explored the potential for interactions between these co-occurring invasions through a gypsy moth feeding trial using the following three highly invasive, exotic shrubs: honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii), privet (Ligustrum sinense) and burning bush (Euonymus alatus). We compared these with two native shrubs: spicebush (Lindera benzoin) and pawpaw (Asimina triloba). We fed gypsy moth caterpillars foliage exclusively from one of the five shrubs and measured their relative consumptive rate (RCR), relative growth rate (RGR), and development time (DT). The RCR of gypsy moth was strongly influenced by the species of foliage (F = 31.9; P \ 0.0001) with little or no consumption of honeysuckle and privet. Caterpillar RGR was influenced by the shrub species (F = 66.2; P \ 0.0001), and those caterpillars fed spicebush, honeysuckle or privet lost weight over the course of the assay. Caterpillar DT was also significantly (F = 11.79, P \ 0.0001) influenced by the shrub species and those fed honeysuckle, privet and spicebush died prior to molting. Overall, our data suggest that honeysuckle, privet, and spicebush could benefit (indirectly) from the invasion of gypsy moth, while burning bush and pawpaw could be negatively impacted due to direct effects (herbivory). Similarly, invading gypsy moth populations could be sustained on a shrub layer of burning bush and pawpaw in the event of canopy defoliation. Further field and laboratory analysis is needed to clarify herbivore resistance of invasive shrubs, and to investigate the potential interactions among co-occurring insect and plant invasions.

show abstract

Stand structure and development after gypsy moth defoliation in the Appalachian Plateau

Cited by 85 publications

References 14 publications

Forest Ecosystem Responses to Exotic Pests and Pathogens in Eastern North America

Forest Ecosystem Responses to Exotic Pests and Pathogens in Eastern North America

Atmospheric change alters foliar quality of host trees and performance of two outbreak insect species

Potential interactions between invasive woody shrubs and the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar), an invasive insect herbivore

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About