Stand-by Power Reduction Using Experimentally Demonstrated Nano-Electromechanical Switch in CMOS Technologies

Saha, Sumit; Singh, Arpit; Baghini, Maryam Shojaei; Goel, Mayank; Rao, V. Ramgopal

doi:10.1109/ted.2020.3041434

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In other words, it is expected to be challenging to have a size smaller than that of a transistor. However, our mechanical switches show near-zero standby power consumption 44 and the low contact resistance of less than 5 ohms required for RF switches. Therefore, we expect that it could be integrated into transistor-based circuits to reduce the standby power of the circuits or used as a switch to transmit RF signals used in the communication field.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Gold Nanoparticle–Carbon Nanotube Composite for Enhanced Contact Lifetime of Microelectromechanical Switches with Very Low Contact Resistance

Lee

Jung

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Electrical circuits require ideal switches with low power consumption for future electronic applications. However, transistors, the most developed electrical switches available currently, have certain fundamental limitations such as increased leakage current and limited subthreshold swing. To overcome these limitations, micromechanical switches have been extensively studied; however, it is challenging to develop micromechanical switches with high endurance and low contact resistance. This study demonstrates highly reliable microelectromechanical switches using nanocomposites. Nanocomposites consisting of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are coated on contact electrodes as contact surfaces through a scalable and solution-based fabrication process. While deformable CNTs in the nanocomposite increase the effective contact area under mechanical loads, highly conductive Au NPs provide current paths with low contact resistance between CNTs. Given these advantages, the switches exhibit robust switching operations over 5 × 106 cycles under hot-switching conditions in air. The switches also show low contact resistance without subthreshold region, an extremely small leakage current, and a high on/off ratio.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Gold Nanoparticle–Carbon Nanotube Composite for Enhanced Contact Lifetime of Microelectromechanical Switches with Very Low Contact Resistance

Lee

Jung

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…MEM relays have recently gained research attention in various shapes [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Due to their unique characteristics such as zero leakage [7,8], sharp turn ON/OFF curves [9], the possibility of MEMS-CMOS hybridization [10,11], and feasibility of implementation on back-end-of-line (BEOL) layers [12,13], they are treated as favorable beyond-CMOS devices. Despite different devices being studied, there is a little experimental demonstration on some fundamental but core logic circuits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MEM Relay For the Internet of Things Applications

Fariborzi

2022

2022 36th Symposium on Microelectronics Technology (SBMICRO)

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In the dawn of the Internet of Things (IoT) era, device-to-device interactions on real-time data without involving humans have become a vital part of everyday life. Hence, ultra-low-power sensors and processing units are of the utmost importance. In recent years, micro-electromechanical (MEM) relays have been treated as promising beyond-CMOS candidates due to their zero-leaking and steep turn ON/OFF properties. This paper presents a MEM relay and its characterization, followed by a demonstration of relay-based core logic circuits, including an XOR and an adder. The relays' mechanical operation makes them inevitably slower than transistors; however, this paper demonstrates that a scaled 32bit relay adder consumes 60 times less energy per operation than its CMOS counterpart in 40 nm technology. The proposed relay circuits, with their ultra-low power consumption property, are particularly suitable for applications with rigorous energy requirements while operating at a slow-to-moderate speed, such as wearable accessories, remote sensors, and implantable biomedical devices.

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“…In recent years, various designs of microelectromechanical (MEM) relays have been proposed [1]- [6]. Relays have attracted research interests due to their zero subthreshold leakage property [7], [8], steep turn on/off characteristics [9], The authors are with the Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia (e-mail: ren.li@kaust.edu.sa; hossein.fariborzi@kaust.edu.sa).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Demonstration of MEM Relay-Based Arithmetic and Sequential Circuit Blocks

Fariborzi

2021

IEEE Trans. Electron Devices

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The Internet of Things (IoT) has become more prevalent in recent years and is an integral part of everyday life. Thus, the need for ultralow-power sensors and processing units has dramatically increased. The continuous scaling of CMOS transistors has resulted in more severe subthreshold leakage and high power density issues. In recent years, microelectromechanical (MEM) relays have attracted research interests. They are viewed as promising beyond-CMOS candidates due to their nonleaking property and abrupt switch ON/OFF characteristics. This article presents the design and characterization of a few core relay-based digital blocks, including an adder and a D-latch. While the mechanical movement of relays makes them inherently slower than transistors, we show that the scaled 32-bit relay adder offers 60 times less energy per operation than its CMOS counterpart in 40-nm technology. This makes the proposed relay circuits particularly appealing to applications with stringent demand on energy efficiency and moderate performance requirements, such as remote sensors, wearable accessories, and implantable biomedical devices.

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Stand-by Power Reduction Using Experimentally Demonstrated Nano-Electromechanical Switch in CMOS Technologies

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Integration of Gold Nanoparticle–Carbon Nanotube Composite for Enhanced Contact Lifetime of Microelectromechanical Switches with Very Low Contact Resistance

Integration of Gold Nanoparticle–Carbon Nanotube Composite for Enhanced Contact Lifetime of Microelectromechanical Switches with Very Low Contact Resistance

MEM Relay For the Internet of Things Applications

Design and Demonstration of MEM Relay-Based Arithmetic and Sequential Circuit Blocks

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