Staminal Evolution in the Genus Salvia (Lamiaceae): Molecular Phylogenetic Evidence for Multiple Origins of the Staminal Lever

Abstract

Based on these results the following are characterized: (1) the independent origin of the staminal lever mechanism on at least three different occasions in Salvia, (2) that Salvia is clearly polyphyletic, with five other genera intercalated within it, and (3) staminal evolution has proceeded in different ways in each of the three lineages of Salvia but has resulted in remarkably similar staminal morphologies.

The enigmatic Salvia tingitana (Lamiaceae): a case study in history, taxonomy and cytology

“…Walker & al. (2004) and Walker & Sytsma (2006) anlaysed phylogenetic relationships among 83 Salvia species, including S. sclarea but not S. tingitana. It is interesting to note that the relationships of their clades correlated well with chromosome numbers.…”

Analysis of plastid and nuclear DNA data in plant phylogenetics—evaluation and improvement

“…Furthermore, the ILD test may be insensitive to localized differences in the evolutionary histories of two data sets if many or several other clades are strongly supported and congruent [22]. In addition, authors also considered that total evidence could generate a phylogenetic tree with greater resolution and higher support [31][32][33]. Notably, statistical approaches were rarely used to explain incongruence.…”

Novelties on the distribution of Lepechinia flammea (Lamiaceae), rediscovery of L. glomerata in Jalisco, Mexico, and their phylogenetic position within Lepechinia

“…Drew, Cacho & Sytsma]. These results suggest that Salviinae should consist of Lepechinia, Salvia (sensu Walker and Sytsma, 2007), and Melissa (Walker and Sytsma, 2007;Drew andSytsma, 2011, 2013), which was previously unplaced within Mentheae (Harley et al, 2004). Although there are no clear morphological synapomorphies that characterize Lepechinia, it can be distinguished from other members of Salviinae based on non-galeate upper corolla lips, an unenlarged connective separating the two thecae of the stamens (as opposed to most Salvia), non-mucilaginous mericarps, and a distinctive leaf odor.…”

“…Lepechinia nelsonii was included because Drew (2011) showed this species was allied to L. flammea. Melissa officinalis L. was chosen as outgroup based on Walker and Sytsma (2007), and Drew andSytsma (2011, 2013). Our dataset consisted of three chloroplast (cpDNA; ycf1, ycf1-rps15 spacer, and the trnL-F spacer and intron) regions, the internal and external transcribed spacers (ITS and ETS, respectively), and two lowcopy nuclear gene regions (granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI or waxy) and a pentatricopeptide repeat gene region (PPR-AT3G09060).…”