Stalking among sexual and gender minorities: A systematic literature review

Edwards, Katie M.; Camp, Emily; Lim, Stephanie; Logan, TK; Shorey, Ryan C.; Babchuk, Wayne A.

doi:10.1016/j.avb.2022.101777

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Insistent or leering states, unwanted physical contact, sexual jokes, indecent exposure, sending sexually explicit pictures or photos, humiliations or intimidation are few examples. On the other hand, stalking is a pattern of repeated unwanted and unwarranted harassing behaviors directed by one individual in a way to cause fear, anxiety or distress: obscene, threatening, annoying or silent phone calls, being followed or spied on, having inappropriate proposals made on internet or social networks, for example [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of sexual harassment among young Spaniards before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown period in Spain

et al. 2022

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Background Sexual harassment is a type of coercion, including social pressure, intimidation, physical force, and verbal acts, in addition to other forms such as cyber-harassment, recognized as a major important public health problem. Methods This cross-sectional study, based on a survey administered online to men and women aged 18 to 35 years and living in Spain throughout 15th and 28th October 2020, aims to analyze the prevalence and factors associated with sexual harassment among young people in Spain within the last 12 months, particularly according to the COVID-19 lockdown period. It has been conducted by bivariate analysis and robust Poisson regression models. The final sample includes 2.515 participants. Results The results indicate that women were almost twice as likely as men to experience sexual harassment (49% vs 22.2%). Also, among heterosexual men and women, the estimated prevalence was lower concerning that observed among bisexuals, gays, and lesbians (31.5% vs 53, 39.2, and 34.6% respectively). The prevalence percentage in the 18–24 age group was twice high as that observed in the 30–35 age group. Finally, during the lockdown period, the harassment through electronic channels increased (32.6% vs 16.5 and 17.8% before and after this period, respectively) and decreased on public roads (22.9% vs 63.4 and 54.4% pre-lockdown and post-lockdown periods, respectively). Conclusion These findings highlight that sexual harassment presents a high prevalence among young people, especially cyber-harassment, and workplace harassment and it is important to be aware that young women are more likely to suffer harassment and even more if they do not have a partner or have LGB orientation. During the lockdown sexual harassment has moved from public spaces to the social network.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of sexual harassment among young Spaniards before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown period in Spain

et al. 2022

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“…Stalking is a serious public health concern (Edwards et al, 2022; Waterman et al, 2019). We conducted a prospective longitudinal study focusing on several psychological risk factors for stalking perpetration after the breakup of a romantic relationship.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stalking is globally recognized as a serious public health issue (Edwards et al, 2022; Waterman et al, 2019). In Japan, stalking is one of the crimes about which people are seriously concerned because it sometimes causes horrific incidents, such as murder and injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attachment anxiety and the dark triad increase stalking after breakups of romantic relationships through psychological maltreatment of romantic partners and reactions to breakups

Kanemasa,

Miyagawa,

Arai

2024

Aggressive Behavior

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This study examined whether two personality traits, attachment anxiety, and the Dark Triad, longitudinally promote stalking behaviors after romantic breakups through psychological maltreatment of partners during relationships and maladjusted reactions to breakups. We conducted a prospective longitudinal study across four waves of assessment for 1 year of individuals in romantic relationships in Japan. They completed measures of attachment anxiety, the Dark Triad, need for control, and psychological intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration at Wave 1, and measures of maladjusted reactions to breakups (i.e., anger and rumination) and stalking behaviors at a wave after breakups. The final sample consisted of 356 participants who were involved in romantic relationships at Wave 1 and left by their partners during the survey period. Correlational analysis showed that the Dark Triad at Wave 1 was significantly positively associated with future stalking behaviors, but attachment anxiety was not. Structural equation modeling showed that attachment anxiety and the Dark Triad increased future stalking behaviors after breakups through psychological IPV perpetration during relationships. Additionally, attachment anxiety increased future stalking behaviors through higher levels of postbreakup anger and rumination. Conversely, we did not find any indirect effects of the Dark Triad on stalking behaviors through these reactions toward breakups. Overall, these results suggest that it is necessary to consider personality traits that could damage intimate relationships and to focus on the quality of romantic relationships to prevent stalking after romantic breakups. These results also indicate that emotion regulation may be useful in preventing stalking caused by attachment anxiety.

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“…The stigmatization, discrimination, and marginalization experienced by LGBTQ individuals are stressors that may increase their risk of mental and physical health problems (Meyer, 2003), which in turn may increase perpetration. Meyer's (1995Meyer's ( , 2003 minority stress theory has been used to explain stalking and intimate partner violence perpetration among LGBTQ people (Decker et al, 2018;Derlega et al, 2011;Edwards et al, 2022).…”

Section: Lifestyle/routine Activities Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A meta-analysis found differences in the frequency of unwanted pursuit behavior across dyad types with men pursuing men and women pursuing women at significantly higher rates relative to men pursuing women and women pursuing men, but fewer studies provided information on LGBTQ identity (Spitzberg et al, 2010). Relatedly, although research finds mental health and victimization are important correlates of stalking behavior (e.g., Albrecht et al, 2022;Churcher & Nesca, 2013;Nijdam-Jones et al, 2018;Rosenfeld, 2004), fewer studies on stalking perpetration focus on women (Brooks et al, 2021;Lyndon et al, 2012;Meloy & Boyd, 2003;Meloy et al, 2011;Purcell et al, 2001;Strand & McEwan, 2012) or LGBTQ people (Derlega et al, 2011;De Smet et al, 2015;Edwards et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Offender Motivation on Unwanted Pursuit Perpetration Among College Students

Ménard,

Christensen,

Lee

2023

Victims & Offenders

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This study uses lifestyle/routine activities to examine unwanted pursuit perpetration. Regressions were completed on the full sample, and separately for males (3,485) and females (4,022), and for those who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer (LGBTQ = 607) and those who do not (non-LGBTQ = 6,900). Sex (males), race (minorities), and unwanted pursuit victimization were associated with unwanted pursuit perpetration. Several identities by victimization interactions were also significantly associated with increased unwanted pursuit perpetration. Coefficient tests also revealed significant differences across sex (race, victimization, race by victimization, and LGBTQ by victimization) and across LGBTQ status (sex by victimization and race by victimization).

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Stalking among sexual and gender minorities: A systematic literature review

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Prevalence of sexual harassment among young Spaniards before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown period in Spain

Prevalence of sexual harassment among young Spaniards before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown period in Spain

Attachment anxiety and the dark triad increase stalking after breakups of romantic relationships through psychological maltreatment of romantic partners and reactions to breakups

The Influence of Offender Motivation on Unwanted Pursuit Perpetration Among College Students

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