Stakeholder perceptions of the safety and assurance of artificial intelligence in healthcare

Beliefs, experiences and concerns of using artificial intelligence in healthcare: A qualitative synthesis

“…Additionally, it was frequently suggested that AI would act as a diagnostic aid to support clinical decision making, particularly in cases where a diagnosis is difficult to establish. 12 – 16 , 18 , 20 – 22 , 24 , 27 , 28 By providing this assistance, clinicians are expected to provide accurate diagnoses more efficiently, 19 , 30 thus reducing wait times for patients. AI tools were also expected to reduce the potential for human error, standardise the diagnostic process, and ultimately improve the patient care experience.…”

“…Several studies included themes surrounding the lack of information that was available about AI and the need for transparency in the context of healthcare. 14 , 16 , 17 , 25 , 26 , 30 , 32 One particular study involving patients highlighted that they did not trust AI, and that some of this mistrust had been developed through misinformation in the media, resulting in hesitation when presented with AI technology in their care. 13 Professionals and students often suggested that there was a need for increased education on the development and use of AI in patient care.…”

“…Regulations and responsibility were very commonly reported ideas across the selected studies. 16 – 18 , 23 , 25 – 27 , 30 , 32 Medical and technology experts highlighted that the regulations surrounding AI use are constantly changing and are severely lacking in some areas. As a result, there were many anxieties raised by clinicians about legal responsibility and how medical errors that involved AI would be managed.…”

“…As a result, there were many anxieties raised by clinicians about legal responsibility and how medical errors that involved AI would be managed. 19 , 21 One study 30 specifically mentioned that developers and technology experts should also be involved in any legal proceedings that come as a consequence of AI use in patient care, and participants emphasised that clinicians should not be considered solely responsible in these instances.…”

“…It was also stressed in multiple papers that any policies needed to be consistent across healthcare services wherever possible, to ensure patient data protection regardless of their location. 26 , 27 , 30 …”