“…Moreover, there is no research on the moderating role of company size on the relationship between regulator pressure and PES (Darnall et al, 2010; Dean & Brown, 1995; Dean, Brown, & Stango, 2000). However, in general, scholars agree that growing pressure of key stakeholder groups stimulates enterprises to the adoption of voluntary environmental practices (Abreu, Castro, & Lazaro, 2013; Buysse & Verbeke, 2003; Garcés‐Ayerbe et al, 2012; González‐Benito & González‐Benito, 2006; Henriques & Sadorsky, 1999; Murillo‐Luna et al, 2008; Sarkis et al, 2010) and a choice of PES in particular (Darnall et al, 2010; Gadenne et al, 2009; Garcés‐Ayerbe et al, 2012; Murillo‐Luna et al, 2008; Rueda‐Manzanares et al, 2008). Therefore, we assume the following:Hypothesis There is a relationship between stakeholder pressure and the choice (adoption) of proactive environmental strategy (PES).Hypothesis The relationship is positive.…”
Section: Literature Review and Hypothesis Developmentmentioning
The article evaluates the influence of pressure of 10 distinct types of stakeholders on the adoption of environmental strategies, with the special focus on the proactive environmental strategy (PES). The moderation effect of the company size on this relationship is investigated in depth. The existence of the relationship between stakeholder pressure and environmental strategies has been explored by numerous studies. The study adds significantly to this ongoing discussion as the moderation effect of the company size was explored scarcely so far in the literature. The results from the multinomial logistic regression models confirmed almost unanimously the effect of stakeholder pressure and the presence of the moderation. Positive, but nonlinear, direct and moderated effect of pressures of regulators, competitors, clients, NGOs, media, shareholders and employees on PES was discovered. In case of suppliers, consumers and top management, the pressure–PES relation was more complex. Also, large companies seem to be more resilient to pressures than the smaller ones when adopting PES.
“…Moreover, there is no research on the moderating role of company size on the relationship between regulator pressure and PES (Darnall et al, 2010; Dean & Brown, 1995; Dean, Brown, & Stango, 2000). However, in general, scholars agree that growing pressure of key stakeholder groups stimulates enterprises to the adoption of voluntary environmental practices (Abreu, Castro, & Lazaro, 2013; Buysse & Verbeke, 2003; Garcés‐Ayerbe et al, 2012; González‐Benito & González‐Benito, 2006; Henriques & Sadorsky, 1999; Murillo‐Luna et al, 2008; Sarkis et al, 2010) and a choice of PES in particular (Darnall et al, 2010; Gadenne et al, 2009; Garcés‐Ayerbe et al, 2012; Murillo‐Luna et al, 2008; Rueda‐Manzanares et al, 2008). Therefore, we assume the following:Hypothesis There is a relationship between stakeholder pressure and the choice (adoption) of proactive environmental strategy (PES).Hypothesis The relationship is positive.…”
Section: Literature Review and Hypothesis Developmentmentioning
The article evaluates the influence of pressure of 10 distinct types of stakeholders on the adoption of environmental strategies, with the special focus on the proactive environmental strategy (PES). The moderation effect of the company size on this relationship is investigated in depth. The existence of the relationship between stakeholder pressure and environmental strategies has been explored by numerous studies. The study adds significantly to this ongoing discussion as the moderation effect of the company size was explored scarcely so far in the literature. The results from the multinomial logistic regression models confirmed almost unanimously the effect of stakeholder pressure and the presence of the moderation. Positive, but nonlinear, direct and moderated effect of pressures of regulators, competitors, clients, NGOs, media, shareholders and employees on PES was discovered. In case of suppliers, consumers and top management, the pressure–PES relation was more complex. Also, large companies seem to be more resilient to pressures than the smaller ones when adopting PES.
“…Para Alves e Nascimento (2016) a reatividade ambiental consiste apenas em realizar práticas ambientais obrigadas por lei, podendo assim serem entendidas como práticas com proatividade zero. Abreu et al (2013) consideram que a reatividade ambiental deixa claro que, as ações estabelecidas por parte da gestão empresarial em prol do meio, neste contexto, são encaradas apenas como um passivo ou uma obrigação.…”
“…Já em relação às práticas proativas, Abreu et al (2013) mencionam que estas são voluntariamente desenvolvidas com a finalidade de realmente minimizar os impactos ambientais causados por suas operações produtivas. Para tanto, os autores (2013) consideram que tais práticas devem ser implementadas de forma regular e contínua no ambiente empresarial, e não apenas de forma voluntaria ou vinculada às ações pontuais fora da estratégia corporativa.…”
“…Nesse caso, a respectiva certificação pode ter sido incentivada muito mais pelas pressões exercidas por parte dos stakeholders e das auditorias ambientais do que pela decisão consciente por parte da gestão em adotar práticas ambientais proativas direcionadas à preservação ambiental. Abreu et. Al.…”
O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar as práticas ambientais proativas adotadas pela Klabin S/A no período de 2014 a 2020. A análise efetuada a partir dos relatórios anuais e de sustentabilidade disponibilizados pelo acervo empresarial, permitiu a identificação de investimentos permanentes que apontam para o controle dos custos, a busca pelo lucro líquido e a criação de valor em um ambiente organizacional mantido em constante transformação e crescimento. Ao final desta pesquisa, observou-se que ao tentar ir além do que é exigido pela legislação ambiental vigente, a empresa estudada foi capaz de adotar práticas ambientais voluntárias de grande importância nos tempos atuais. E que além de promover um forte alinhamento estratégico entre gestão organizacional e melhorias ambientais, grande parte das práticas ambientais proativas adotadas estiveram de acordo com as exigências da sociedade em torno das causas ambientais. Ademais, a empresa também percebeu que é preciso promover, continuamente, ações voluntárias direcionadas à preservação do meio ambiente, antes mesmo de entender que a produção verde é lucrativa.
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