Stakeholder and Constraint-Driven Innovation of a Novel, Lever-Propelled, All-Terrain Wheelchair

Winter, Amos G.

doi:10.1115/detc2013-12588

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Another product with several types of constraints was a low-cost, all-terrain, level propelled wheelchair proposed by Winter 18 . This was not only a resource constrained object, but also a functionally constrained object: the chair had to be adapted to rough terrain and to tight spaces, to be repairable anywhere and to provide the user with comfortable mobility during the whole day.…”

Section: Empirical Case Studies: How the Design Model Enables Increasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creativity under Strong Constraints: the Hidden Influence of Design Models

Hatchuel¹,

Chen²

2017

European Review

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In engineering design, constraints can stimulate creativity but are also often cited as obstacles to innovation. So do constraints hinder or foster creativity? Despite a number of studies, the reason why constraints can have a positive or a negative impact on creativity is still unknown. In this paper, we will propose, theoretically and empirically, that the link between creativity and constraints is not determined by the type of constraints, but by the type of ‘design model’ used. Using C-K theory, a well-documented, general, and formalized theory of design, we first prove that the dual impact of constraints on creativity is predictable. Then we use C-K operators to distinguish two different design models: rule-based design and innovative design. We show that the first model organizes a negative link between constraints and creativity while the second model enables a positive effect. We illustrate these mechanisms through the analysis of several product developments based on both secondary and primary sources.

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Section: Empirical Case Studies: How the Design Model Enables Increasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creativity under Strong Constraints: the Hidden Influence of Design Models

Hatchuel¹,

Chen²

2017

European Review

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“…Only recently have HCD methods been integrated with earlier work in design for development and social innovations [24]. For example, Winters provides an excellent example of work that combines appropriate technology development with design thinking approaches to wheelchair design in the developing world [25,26]. Wood and Mattson [27,28] summarize codesign and user research methods they have found effective on a range of projects in India and Peru.…”

Section: Human-centered Design For Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern Analysis of IDEO's Human-Centered Design Methods in Developing Regions

Fuge

Agogino

2015

Journal of Mechanical Design

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While there is increasing interest in designing for the developing world, identifying appropriate design research methods for understanding user needs and preferences in these unfamiliar contexts is a major challenge. This paper demonstrates how to apply a variety of statistical techniques to an online design case study repository, Human-Centered Design (HCD) Connect, to discover what types of methods designers use for identifying user needs and preferences for developing-world problems. Specifically, it uncovers how the following factors correlate to method usage: application area (e.g., farming versus healthcare), affiliation of the person using the method (IDEO designer versus not), and stages of the user research process. It finds that designers systematically use certain types of methods for certain types of problems, and that certain methods complement each other in practice. When compared with non-IDEO users, professional designers at IDEO use fewer methods per case and focus on earlier stages of the process that involve data gathering. The results demonstrate the power of combining data-driven statistical techniques with design case studies to identify user research methods for different developing-world problems, as well as locating which research methods complement each other. It also highlights that professionals designing for developing-world contexts commit more time to earlier stage user research efforts, rather than in concept generation or delivery, to better understand differences in needs and design contexts.

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“…Only recently have HCD methods been integrated with earlier work in design for development and social innovations [10]. Winters provides an excellent example of work that combines appropriate technology development with design thinking approaches to wheelchair design in the developing world [11,12].…”

Section: Design For Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

User Research Methods for Development Engineering: A Study of Method Usage With IDEO’s HCD Connect

Fuge

Agogino

2014

Volume 7: 2nd Biennial International Conference on Dynamics for Design; 26th International Conference on Design Theory and Meth

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While there is increasing interest in designing for the developing world, one major challenge lies in understanding when to apply different design methods in unfamiliar contexts. This paper uses HCD Connect, an online design case study repository, to compare what types of methods people frequently apply to developing world problems. Specifically, it covers how the following factors correlate to method usage: application area (e.g., farming versus healthcare), affiliation of the person using the method (IDEO designer versus not), and stages of the user research process. We find that designers systematically use certain types of methods for certain types of problems, and that certain methods complement each other in practice. When compared with non-IDEO users, professional designers at IDEO use fewer methods per case and focus on earlier stages of the process that involve data gathering. Our results recommend certain kinds of user research methods for different developing world problems, as well as identifying which research methods complement each other. It also highlights that professionals designing for developing world contexts commit more time to earlier stage data-gathering efforts, rather than in concept generation or delivery, to better understand differences in needs and design contexts.

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Stakeholder and Constraint-Driven Innovation of a Novel, Lever-Propelled, All-Terrain Wheelchair

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Creativity under Strong Constraints: the Hidden Influence of Design Models

Creativity under Strong Constraints: the Hidden Influence of Design Models

Pattern Analysis of IDEO's Human-Centered Design Methods in Developing Regions

User Research Methods for Development Engineering: A Study of Method Usage With IDEO’s HCD Connect

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