Stainless-Steel-Mediated Quantitative Hydrogen Generation from Water under Ball Milling Conditions

Abstract

A robust and quantitative gaseous hydrogen generation method has been developed in an effort to achieve efficient H 2 generation derived from H 2 O. The present reaction could be achieved by a simple ball friction (milling) reaction of H 2 O using a planetary ball mill machine with a stainless-steel vessel and balls. It was mediated by metals as an element of stainless steel of the ball mill and also promoted by mechanochemical processing.

Stainless‐Steel Ball‐Milling Method for Hydro‐/Deutero‐genation using H2O/D2O as a Hydrogen/Deuterium Source

“…[7] Full conversion of H 2 Oi nt he reaction vessel was achieved by the rotationf requency dependent ball-milling reaction( see the Supporting Information for details) that was especially enabled by Cr metal as as tructural component of the SUS304. [7] Full conversion of H 2 Oi nt he reaction vessel was achieved by the rotationf requency dependent ball-milling reaction( see the Supporting Information for details) that was especially enabled by Cr metal as as tructural component of the SUS304.…”

“…[7] We subsequently investigated the metal efficiencieso fz ero-valent Ni, Fe, and Cr to clarify hydrogenation using H 2 O( 5equiv.) [7] We subsequently investigated the metal efficiencieso fz ero-valent Ni, Fe, and Cr to clarify hydrogenation using H 2 O( 5equiv.)…”

“…[7] We subsequently investigated the metal efficiencieso fz ero-valent Ni, Fe, and Cr to clarify hydrogenation using H 2 O( 5equiv.) As H 2 gas should be generated in the presence of zerovalent Cr powder (entry 3), [7] the hydrogenation may in this case be catalyzedb yN ip owder.F urthermore, ac ertain level of hydrogen partial pressure may be necessary for hydrogenation (compare entries 8a nd 9). 5mmd iameter zirconia (ZrO 2 )b alls (50 pieces), 80 mL ZrO 2 vessel specially made for the Fritsch Pulverisette PremiumL ine 7B all Mill (PLP-7), 1100 rpm for 30 min];w ep reviously reported the chemical inactivity of ZrO 2 for the hydrogenation (Table2,e ntry 1).…”

“…[2] While significant research was conducted on the topic over the past decade, [3] there are still many problemst ob es olved, such as energy efficiency,s ustainability, safety,a nd operability.T herefore, the creationo fa ni nnovative, pioneering, and fundamentals tudy with the potentialf or growth is extremelyi mportant.Recently,w er eported aq uantitative stainless-steel (SUS304)mediated gaseous H 2 generation methodd erived from H 2 O that could be achieved using as imple ball-milling setupc onsisting of ap lanetary ball-mill machine with as tainless-steel vessel and balls. [7] Full conversion of H 2 Oi nt he reaction vessel was achieved by the rotationf requency dependent ball-milling reaction( see the Supporting Information for details) that was especially enabled by Cr metal as as tructural component of the SUS304. During the course of the study,w ed iscovered that the hydrogenation of reducible functionalities could smoothly proceed under the ball-milling conditions in the presence of H 2 Oa sahydrogen source.…”

“…In our early study,i tw as demonstrated that the presence of zero-valent Cr within the constituents of SUS304 is essential to promoteH 2 gas generation. [7] We subsequently investigated the metal efficiencieso fz ero-valent Ni, Fe, and Cr to clarify hydrogenation using H 2 O( 5equiv.) as ah ydrogen source under ball-milling conditions [ca.…”