Stainless Steel Leaches Nickel and Chromium into Foods during Cooking

Kamerud, Kristin L.; Hobbie, Kevin A.; Anderson, Kim A.

doi:10.1021/jf402400v

Cited by 95 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…On the contrary, median Ni/PM 10 mass ratios for outdoor and cooking microenvironments were equal to 141 and 145 ppm for Southern and 136 and 142 ppm for Northern Italy, respectively. The higher ratios measured for cooking were likely due to the direct emission of Ni from food preparation activities (Kamerud et al, 2013). Table 4 presents the ELCR for an entire lifetime obtained on the basis of the exposure to B[a]p, As, Cd and Ni, both for Northern and Southern Italy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung cancer risk of airborne particles for Italian population

Buonanno

Giovinco

Morawska

et al. 2015

Environmental Research

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Airborne particles, including both ultrafine and supermicrometric particles, contain various carcinogens. Exposure and risk-assessment studies regularly use particle mass concentration as dosimetry parameter, therefore neglecting the potential impact of ultrafine particles due to their negligible mass compared to supermicrometric particles. The main purpose of this study was the characterization of lung cancer risk due to exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and some heavy metals associated with particle inhalation by Italian non-smoking people. A risk-assessment scheme, modified from an existing risk model, was applied to estimate the cancer risk contribution from both ultrafine and supermicrometric particles. Exposure assessment was carried out on the basis of particle number distributions measured in 25 smoke-free microenvironments in Italy. The predicted lung cancer risk was then compared to the cancer incidence rate in Italy to assess the number of lung cancer cases attributed to airborne particle inhalation, which represents one of the main causes of lung cancer, apart from smoking. Ultrafine particles are associated with a much higher risk than supermicrometric particles, and the modified risk-assessment scheme provided a more accurate estimate than the conventional scheme. Great attention has to be paid to indoor microenvironments and, in particular, to cooking and eating times, which represent the major contributors to lung cancer incidence in the Italian population. The modified risk assessment scheme can serve as a tool for assessing environmental quality, as well as setting up exposure standards for particulate matter.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung cancer risk of airborne particles for Italian population

Buonanno

Giovinco

Morawska

et al. 2015

Environmental Research

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“…The conflict between food and bioenergy can be avoided by converting non-edible greases (e.g., waste cooking oil, WCO) into biofuels, and is presently feasible. However, some poor-quality aluminum, copper or stainless cooking utensils with may result in the presence of toxic metallic elements (Ni, Cr, Fe) (Kamerud et al, 2013;Bassioni et al, 2015) in the recycled WCO. According to Health Canada, cooking a meal in an aluminium pan can add about 1-2 mg aluminium (the WHO acceptable daily intake is 50 mg day -1 ) to food (Diamond, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Particle-Bound Metals from a Diesel Engine Generator Fueled with Waste Cooking Oil-Based Biodiesel Blends

Lin

Tsai

Chen

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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This study investigates the emission of a heavy-duty diesel engine generator fueled with waste cooking oil (WCO)-based biodiesel blends (W) and operated at 1.5 and 3.0 kW loads. A brand of pure fossil diesel was adopted as the base fuel, with 20% and 40% WCO-based biodiesel added into the based fuel to form W20 and W40 blends, respectively. The emission characteristics of PM, metals and PAHs were analyzed. Experimental results indicate that alternative WCO-based fuels had slightly higher fuel consumption rates (FCR) and brake specific fuel consumptions (BSFC) than conventional diesel (0.6-4.1% for FCR and 1.0-7.6% for BSFC), and similar engine thermal efficiency. The PM emissions reductions when using W20 and W40 were 19% and 6.5%, respectively, at 1.5 kW, and 27% and 19%, respectively, at 3.0 kW. The emissions of particle-bound metals were 13.6-13.8% lower when using W20 than using conventional diesel, but 12.0-12.3% higher when using W40. The metal contents of PM rose with the addition of WCO-based biodiesel. The metal elements of PM were dominated (> 90% mass) by Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Fe and Zn, while the major trace metals were Mn, Cu, Sr and Pb. The use of WCO-based biodiesel blends reduced the emissions of total-PAHs (44.0% in average) and totalBaP eq (80.2% in average). The mass reductions of MMW-and HMW-PAHs using W20 and W40 were more significant at 3.0 kW than at 1.5 kW, while the reduction of LMW-PAHs was greater at 1.5 kW than at 3.0 kW. Thus, the reduction in total-BaP eq was greater at the higher engine load. Accordingly, we conclude that the WCO-based biodiesel is a potential candidate of cleaner alternative energy sources.

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“…The chances of exposure to Cr 6+ in everyday life are gradually increasing. Industrial production, medical materials, and environmental pollution, along with materials that we are exposed to in daily life, such as joint replacements [28], porcelain teeth [29], stainless steel cookware [30], or even groundwater pollution [31], all increase the risk of Cr 6+ exposure. Although we have long realized that RBCs have a special affinity for Cr 6+ [32], studies focusing on Cr 6+ -toxicity in RBCs are scarce.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of Calcium, Reactive Oxygen Species, and ATP in Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Damage in Red Blood Cells

Zhang

Xiang

Ran

et al. 2014

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of Cr⁶⁺-induced red blood cells (RBCs) damage. Methods: The effect of Cr⁶⁺ exposure on RBCs was evaluated by hemolytic rate and blood gas assays. After exposure to 20 μM Cr⁶⁺, the percentage of phosphatidylserine (PS)-exposing cells, intracellular Ca²⁺, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ATP levels were evaluated, and cell morphology was observed. RBCs were exposed to Cr⁶⁺ in different Ringer solutions to investigate the role of changes of Ca²⁺, ROS, and ATP levels in eryptosis and morphology. Results: The Cr⁶⁺-induced damage of RBCs was dose-dependent. After a 6 h incubation with Cr⁶⁺, RBCs exhibited significant Ca²⁺ influx, ROS increase, ATP depletion, and PS exposure, but displayed no obvious change in morphology at this time point. After 24 h Cr⁶⁺ exposure, the RBCs decreased in size, appeared to be spike-like, and had decreased forward scatter. Inhibition of Ca²⁺ influx attenuated PS-exposure caused by 6 h Cr⁶⁺ exposure, but did not prevent 24 h Cr⁶⁺ exposure-induced morphological change in RBCs. Inhibition of rapid ATP consumption using adenine significantly ameliorated Cr⁶⁺-caused PS-exposure at 12 h, 24 h and 48 h, and prevented 24 h Cr⁶⁺ incubation-induced morphological change in RBCs. Conclusion: Cr⁶⁺ can lead to eryptosis. Ca²⁺ influx, increased ROS levels, and rapid ATP consumption are closely related to Cr⁶⁺-induced RBCs damage. Ca²⁺ influx plays an extremely important role in Cr⁶⁺-mediated toxicity.

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Stainless Steel Leaches Nickel and Chromium into Foods during Cooking

Cited by 95 publications

References 18 publications

Lung cancer risk of airborne particles for Italian population

Lung cancer risk of airborne particles for Italian population

Emissions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Particle-Bound Metals from a Diesel Engine Generator Fueled with Waste Cooking Oil-Based Biodiesel Blends

Involvement of Calcium, Reactive Oxygen Species, and ATP in Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Damage in Red Blood Cells

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