Stainless Steel Electrode for Sensitive Luminol Electrochemiluminescent Detection of H₂O₂, Glucose, and Glucose Oxidase Activity

Abstract

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) application of stainless steel, a robust and cost-effective material, has been developed for the first time. Type 304 stainless steel electrode shows appealing ECL performance in the luminol-HO system. It enables the detection of HO with a linear range from 1 to 1000 nM and a limit of detection of 0.456 nM [signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) = 3]. The ECL method based on type 304 stainless steel electrode is more sensitive, more cost-effective, and much simpler than other ECL methods reported before. Because the stainless steel electrode has excellent performance for HO detection and HO participates in many important enzymatic reactions, applications of stainless steel electrode-based ECL for detection of enzyme activities and enzyme substrates were further investigated by use of glucose oxidase (GODx) and glucose as representative enzyme and substrate. The concentrations of glucose and the activity of GODx were directly proportional to ECL intensities over a range of 0.1-1000 μM and 0.001-0.7 units/mL with limits of detection of 0.076 μM and 0.00087 unit/mL (S/N = 3), respectively. This method was successfully used for determining glucose in honey. Because of their remarkable performance and user-friendly features, stainless steel electrodes hold great promise in various electroanalytical applications, such as biosensing, disposable sensors, and wearable sensors.

Amplified Anodic Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence of Tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) for the Sensitive Detection of Isatin

“…ECL methods have been applied to the detection of various analytes in complex matrices such as urine, [,16b,17] Recently, highly sensitive and selective analytical methods have been continuously developed based on the ECL of tris(2,2'bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) [18] and other luminophores. [19] In this work, we report for the first time the ECL of Ru (bpy) 3 2 + with isatin as a highly efficient co-reactant. Isatin can react efficiently with the Ru(bpy) 3 2 + to generate a strong ECL without a catalyst at a bare glassy carbon electrode, allowing for the sensitive ECL detection of isatin.…”

Advances in electrochemiluminescence analysis

“…泛用于生物传感器的构建. Wang等 [25] 图 9 空白(a)和luminol在有H 2 O 2 (c)和无H 2 O 2 (b)时在不锈 钢电极上的电化学发光示意图 [21] (网络版彩图) Figure 9 ECL intensity curves of (a) blank and luminol (c) with and (b) without H 2 O 2 measured at stainless steel electrode [21] (color online).…”

Stamped multilayer graphene laminates for disposable in-field electrodes: application to electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide and glucose

“…While it has been documented that neither material alone is the most efficient platform for direct detection of glucose or detection of H 2 O 2 [6], they remain important base components or scaffolds for metal-based catalysts in electrochemical sensor applications [10][11][12]. As such, many graphene-or carbon-based electrochemical sensors have been evaluated using classical benchmark testing of H 2 O 2 oxidation and detection of glucose (typically via the breakdown of glucose) [13,14]. As these are critical analytes in both healthcare and industrial applications, highly sensitive assays (down to picoand atto-molar concentrations) for their detection have been widely published [14,15].…”

“…As such, many graphene-or carbon-based electrochemical sensors have been evaluated using classical benchmark testing of H 2 O 2 oxidation and detection of glucose (typically via the breakdown of glucose) [13,14]. As these are critical analytes in both healthcare and industrial applications, highly sensitive assays (down to picoand atto-molar concentrations) for their detection have been widely published [14,15]. Since the oxidation of H 2 O 2 can be readily detected at the electrode surface, many researchers have utilized carbon-based electrodes and/or electrodes further modified with platinum, gold, silver, nickel, and copper for monitoring glucose or H 2 O 2 [16][17][18][19].…”