Stainless steel: A high potential material for green electrochemical energy storage and conversion

Self-supported electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction

“…Stainless steel is not only more resistant to corrosion in acid and alkaline solutions, but also cheaper than CC, NF, titaniumbased substrates, and CFM, which have been more emphasized heavily. [240][241][242][243][244][245][246] Recently, Zhu et al fabricated an efficient bifunctional electrocatalytic electrode of nanoporous nickel-iron hydroxides (NiFe(OH) x ) nanosheet arrays combined metal Ni/Fe in situ grown on stainless steel fiber felt (SSF) by a facile electrodeposition method at room temperature. 247 The constructed electrode showed distinguished electrocatalytic activity for water splitting, requiring overpotentials of 100 and 210 mV at 10 mA cm À2 in 1 M KOH media for the HER and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), respectively.…”

Photo-assisted asymmetric supercapacitors based on dual photoelectrodes for enhanced photoelectric energy storage

“…1,2 To achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality targets, renewable energies, such as wind, biomass, tidal, and sunlight, have attracted enormous attention. 3 Among them, solar energy, as an environmental, cheaper and inexhaustible natural source, may play an important role in meeting the global energy demands via its conversion into various types of energies. [4][5][6][7] Although solar radiation has been widely investigated in many elds, such as photovoltaic, photocatalytic, and photothermal systems, [8][9][10] it cannot be used as a continuous energy supply source owing to the restrictions by essential daily and seasonal variations.…”

Lithiation-Regulated Iron Oxide Heterostructure for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: Optimized Degree of Crystallinity for Enhanced Electrochemical Activity

“…Among the tremendous efforts to develop efficient and cost-effective catalysts using transition metals (3d) and their compounds, stainless steel, an alloy of nickel and iron with high electrical conductivity and durability, has attracted considerable attention as a promising substrate for the formation of transition-metal compounds. − Indeed, high electrocatalytic activity, competitive with that of noble-metal-based catalysts, has been achieved by the design of metal oxide nanostructures to increase the number of exposed active sites through direct (electro)­chemical approaches. , Structural engineering at the atomic level enables the manipulation of the intrinsic properties of catalysts via lithiation in organic electrolytes, resulting in amorphization and the creation of abundant grain boundaries/defects. − The structural change, accompanied by loss of crystallinity (due to lithium-induced activation of Pd 3 P 2 S 8 ) resulted in the formation of amorphous lithium-incorporated palladium phosphosulfide nanodots with abundant vacancies. Enhanced electrocatalytic properties with an onset potential of −52 mV, a Tafel slope of 29 mV dec –1 , and outstanding stability were achieved in an acidic solution .…”