Stain Susceptibility of 3D-Printed Nanohybrid Composite Restorative Material and the Efficacy of Different Stain Removal Techniques: An In Vitro Study

Abstract

Recent burgeoning development in material science has introduced a 3D-printable, nanohybrid composite resin restorative material. However, its performance has not yet been investigated. This study evaluates the stain susceptibility and efficacy of different stain removal techniques. A total of 120 labial veneers were fabricated using milling (n = 60) and SLA 3D-printing (n = 60). Based on the immersion media: coffee, tea and artificial saliva, each group was divided into three sub-groups (n = 20). Stain susceptibility was evaluated by calculating color difference (∆E00) at 12 and 24 days using a spectrophotometer against black and white backgrounds. Collected data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test (p < 0.05). A significant interaction effect was found between the staining mediums and fabrication methods in both black and white backgrounds (p < 0.001). 3D-printed restorations showed significantly higher stain susceptibility than milled restorations (p < 0.001). Prolonged immersion time increased the color difference in both groups. In-office bleaching was more effective in stain removal in both 3D-printed and milled restoration groups. The susceptibility of the presented novel 3D-printed restorative material to color changes in different immersion mediums was clinically not-acceptable. The clinicians might expect the need to replace the restoration after 1–2 years and thus, recommendation for the use of such a material as a permanent restoration cannot be made but rather as a long-term temporary restoration.

Do Polishing Methods and Colorant Beverages Affect the Color Stainability of 3D-printed Permanent Restorations?

“…Previous studies reported higher discoloration values of 3D-printed restorations than conventional and milled resin restorations. 7,8 Researchers suggest optical glaze applications on 3D-printed restorations to increase color stability. 14,15 Almejrad et al 14 stated that the effect of optical glaze materials on the color stainability of 3D-printed temporary restorations is related to colorant beverages.…”

The Effect of Home Bleaching Application on Different Types of Colored Resin Materials on Color Changes: An In Vitro Study

“…Bu çalışmanın sonucuna göre 3B baskılı restoratif materyalin renk değişiminin klinik olarak kabul edilemez olduğu ve daha çok uzun süreli geçici restorasyon olarak kullanımı önerilmiştir. 1 Literatürde, 3B baskılı DR ile tek bir çalışmaya rastlanmış ve bulguları bu çalışma ile uyumlu bulunmuştur. Yapılan çalışmada DR, distile suda en çok renklenme ve daldırma ortamından bağımsız olarak beyazlatma sonrası en az renk değişikliği göstermiştir.…”

“…Günümüzde dijital araç ve biyo-materyallerdeki hızlı gelişmeler, hem üretim teknolojilerinin hem de geleneksel rezin materyallerin alternatiflerinin geliştirilmesine olanak sağlamıştır. 1 Dijital diş hekimliği genel olarak, dijital veya bilgisayar kontrollü bileşenleri içeren bir dental teknoloji olarak tanımlanabilir. 2 Dijital yöntemlerden biri olan bilgisayar destekli tasarım/bilgisayar destekli üretim [computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)] analiz ve üretim gibi çoklu uygulamalar için kullanılabilir.…”

“…4 Eklemeli üretim tekniği, istenen nesne oluşturulana kadar bir katmanı diğerinin üzerine koyarak son ürünü oluşturma işlemidir. 1 Üç boyutlu yazıcılar, zengin renk skalası, geniş materyal ve üretim yelpazesi ile diş hekimliğinde daha hızlı ve kaliteli üretim imkânı sağlayacaktır. 4 Estetik bir restorasyonun başarısında renk stabilitesi en önemli faktörlerden biridir.…”

Effect of Adhesion Conditions on the Shear Bond Strength of 3D Printing Resins after Thermocycling Used for Definitive Prosthesis

“…This approach significantly reduces the time and labor required in clinical and laboratory procedures compared to conventional methods [ 1 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Given these advantages, 3D printing resin materials for long-term definitive prostheses have been developed [ 9 , 10 ], and research on 3D printing materials is underway [ 2 , 11 , 12 ].…”