Staging cognitive impairment and incidence of dementia

Abstract

The documented gradient of increased risk of dementia associated with the severity level of cognitive impairment supports the validity of the simple staging model based on the MMSE assessment.

Characteristics of Activities for Persons With Dementia at the Mild, Moderate, and Severe Stages

“…Within our sample, three clear and conceptually cohesive groups were identified based on the collective score profiles from the above measures, reflective of mild, moderate, and severe levels of dementia (Table 1). Specifically, these groups emerged based primarily on a synthesis of the cognitive and functional abilities retained in each of the LACLS-5 ratings, the MMSE score, the DRS-2 subscales, ADL and IADL scores, degree of behavioral symptoms, and information in the literature that helped align participants' scores and abilities with mild, moderate, and severe stages of cognitive impairment (Alzheimer's Association, n.d.; Perneczky et al, 2006;Santabárbara et al, 2015).…”

Prevalence and risk factors of the co‐occurrence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment in Chinese community‐dwelling older adults

“…Studies have demonstrated that physical frailty and mild cognitive impairment are the early stages of disability and dementia (Fried et al., 2001; Makizako, Shimada, Doi, Tsutsumimoto, & Suzuki, 2015; Petersen et al., 2018; Santabarbara et al., 2016). Physical frailty refers to a biologic syndrome of decreased reserve and resistance to stressors resulting from cumulative declines across multiple physiologic systems, and can be quantified by the presence of at least three of the following five physical components: poor nutrition, slow walking speed, limited grip strength, low physical activity and decreased endurance (Fried et al., 2001).…”

What is new within staging of care for people with dementia? The IDEAL schedule and other recent work

“…An alternative approach that has been used within the staging of dementia is based on severity of cognitive impairment through use of established tools that measure cognition, such as the MMSE [32]. For example, previous work by Santabárbara et al (2016) [33] found an increased risk of dementia associated with the severity level of cognitive impairment, as measured by the MMSE.…”