Stages, Phases, Repertoires, and Waves: Learning to Spell and Read Words

Abstract

Different sources of information contribute to the logic of English spelling, but why, when, and how should teachers emphasize these different sources in guiding students learning to spell and read words? FEATURE ARTICLE

The Alphabetic Principle and Concept of Word in Text: Two Priorities for Learners in the Emergent Stage of Literacy Development

“…The beginning stage of literacy development is associated with the transition from partial-to full-alphabetic word recognition, a time when more conventional decoding and reading instruction begins (Ehri, 2005(Ehri, , 2022. While the names associated with these developmental stages and phases may vary (Templeton, 2020), the literacy behaviors of children in these stages progress in predictable patterns (Ehri, 2005(Ehri, , 2020. For most students, reading and writing develop in concert.…”

“…The emergent stage of development is typically associated with pre‐kindergarten through early first grade (ages 3–6) (Bear, 2022; Gehsmann & Templeton, 2022). The early part of this stage aligns with the “pre‐alphabetic” phase of word recognition, and the middle and late part of this stage with the “partial‐alphabetic” phase of word recognition, labels that acknowledge children's increasing application of alphabetic information when engaging with reading and writing activities (Ehri, 2005, 2022).…”

Phonological Instructional Strategies and Primary Pupils Spelling Performance in Akwa Ibom North East Senatorial District

“…The Stage Theory of Spelling by Edmud Henderson (1981) posited that learners most often go along a developmental progression that reflects the increasing complexity of the spelling system itself and acquisition of progressively more complex spelling patterns that represent both sound and meaning (Templeton, 2020),this theory emphasizes the teaching of spelling in stages as children progress through stages of spelling development (Templeton, 2023). The theory of Intellectual Development propounded by Jean Piaget (1955) views cognitive development as a process that occurs due to the duality of biological maturation as well as human interaction with the environment.…”