Stage-dependent detection of CD14+ and CD16+ cells in the human heart after myocardial infarction

Abstract

Monocytes are critically involved in cardiovascular wound healing processes. Human monocytes can be classified into two subsets based on the expression of CD14 and CD16. Here, we examined the temporal and spatial distribution of CD14⁺ and CD16⁺ cells after myocardial infarction (MI) in human heart and spleen tissue and correlated it with markers of cardiac repair. Heart samples obtained at autopsy were histologically classified into acute (AMI; n = 11), subacute (SAMI; n = 10) and old (OMI; n = 16) MI, or control myocardium (CONTR; n = 8). Histochemical analyses revealed marked fibrosis in OMI (p < 0.001 vs. CONTR). The adhesion molecule CD56 was also strongly expressed in OMI (p < 0.01 vs. CONTR) and found to correlate with fibrosis (p < 0.001). The number of capillaries was reduced in OMI (p < 0.01 vs. CONTR; p < 0.05 vs. AMI), whereas the hypoxia indicator carbonic anhydrase IX was predominantly expressed in AMI (p < 0.01 vs. OMI and CONTR) and SAMI (p < 0.05 vs. OMI and CONTR). The monocyte chemoattractrant osteopontin was also more highly expressed in hearts of SAMI patients (p < 0.01 vs. CONTR). Numbers of CD14⁺ monocytes were found to correlate with CD16⁺ cells (p < 0.05) and inversely with fibrosis (p < 0.05). Regarding a MI-associated release of monocytes from spleen reservoirs, a non-significant reduction of splenic CD14⁺ and CD16⁺ cells was detected in subjects with AMI. In conclusion, disease stage-specific alterations in CD14⁺ and CD16 cells in human heart may contribute to cardiac repair processes following MI.

Regulation of EMMPRIN (CD147) on monocyte subsets in patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease

“…This supports the concept that may not just a change in the distribution pattern, but also an upregulation of EMMPRIN is associated with plaque rupture via MMP-9 induction and thus myocardial infarction. Moreover distribution pattern of monocyte subsets depends on the time point of blood collection [16,17]. Since we have a large variation in the time of diagnosis, and probably in start of symptoms in our acute collective (especially in NSTEMI patients), to the drawing of blood samples, this may have influenced our results.…”

Intermediate and nonclassical monocytes show heterogeneity in patients with different types of acute coronary syndrome

“…From earlier studies, it is known that following myocardial infarction (MI), circulating monocytes respond to chemotactic factors and migrate into the infarcted myocardium, where they contribute to wound healing and tissue repair (12). This role is attributed to the CD161 monocytes (13)(14)(15).…”

The Role of Different Monocyte Subsets in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis and Acute Coronary Syndromes

“…In another work confirming an important role of monocytes in post‐AMI recovery, Czepluch et al . found that monocytes were present in the subacute phase after AMI and were involved in cardiac ischaemic repair . Moreover, both groups emphasized the importance of the spleen as a reservoir of monocytes that can be rapidly released after AMI.…”