Stage 2 Registered Report: Anomalous perception in a Ganzfeld condition - A meta-analysis of more than 40 years investigation

Abstract

This meta-analysis is an investigation into anomalous perception (i.e., conscious identification of information without any conventional sensorial means). The technique used for eliciting an effect is the Ganzfeld condition (a form of sensory homogenization that eliminates distracting peripheral noise). The database consists of studies published between January 1974 and December 2020 inclusive. The overall effect size estimated both with a frequentist and a Bayesian random-effect model, were in close agreement yielding an effect size of approximately .08 (.04 -.12). This result passed four publication bias tests and seems not contaminated by questionable research practices. Trend analysis carried out with a cumulative meta-analysis and a meta-regression model with year of publication as a covariate, did not indicate sign of decline of this effect size. The moderators’ analyses show that the selected participants’ effect size was almost three-times that obtained by non-selected participants and that tasks that simulate telepathic communication show a two-fold effect size for tasks requiring the participants to guess a target. The Stage 1 Registered Report can be accessed here: https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.24868.3

The Myth of the Decline Effect in Psi Research: The Empirical Evidence

“…-Stage 2 Registered Report: Anomalous perception in a Ganzfeld condition-A meta-analysis of more than 40 years of investigation (Tressoldi and Storm, 2024).…”

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“…In our study, we relied on a wide range of scientific works concerning the topic of dreaming and lucid dreams. Within the scientific community, the study of dreams can be thematically categorized as follows: general sleep and dream research [17,18,33,34], philosophy of dreams [21,28 ], psychology of dream [22,25,27,31], neurobiological, and biophysical approach to dream [19,26,29,30], dreams as a gateway to subconsciousness [20, 23,24,32,35]. We draw your attention to the mass media outlet we have created, which has conducted a series of interviews with leading specialists in the field of sleep and dreams.…”