The increasing interconnectedness of the global population has enabled a highly transmissible pathogen to spread rapidly around the globe. The current COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) pandemic has led to physical, social and economic repercussions of previously unseen proportions. Although recommendations for pandemic preparedness have been published in response to previous viral disease outbreaks, these guidelines are primarily based on expert opinion, and few of them focus on acute care staffing issues. In this review, we discuss how working on the frontlines during a pandemic can affect the physical and mental health of medical and nursing staff. We provide ideas for limiting staff shortages and creating surge capacity in acute care settings, and strategies for sustainability that can help hospitals maintain adequate staffing throughout their pandemic response.