Staff Training and Supervision

Rose, John; Gallivan, Abigail

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-20843-1_10

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Some training programmes for support staff and other professionals involve people with ID/ASD as trainers. This approach has been a valuable adjunct to any training programme ( 49 , 50 ). The group recommended involving people with ID/ASD and their family caregivers in training support staff and other professionals where possible and appropriate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Support staff liaising effectively with family caregivers: Findings from a co-design event and recommendation for a staff training resource

Deb

Limbu

2022

Front. Psychiatry

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A high proportion of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are prescribed psychotropic medications such as antipsychotics, antidepressants etc., outside their licensed indications, primarily for the management of behaviors that challenge (BtC) in the absence of a psychiatric disorder. Examples of BtC are aggression to people and property or self-injury. BtC could be challenging to manage and may cause the person with ID/ASD and their caregivers distress, breakdown of community placement leading to hospitalization, and restrictive practices such as restraint or inappropriate medication use. Caregivers play a pivotal role in the prescribing process. However, many family caregivers feel that they have not been fully involved in the shared decision-making process about the care planning of their relatives with ID/ASD. To address the public health concern regarding the overuse of off-license prescribing in people with ID/ASD, we have recently developed a training programme called SPECTROM (https://spectrom.wixsite.com/project) (Short-term Psycho-Education for Carers To Reduce OverMedication of people with intellectual disabilities) for direct care staff who support people with ID/ASD within community settings. We used co-production and a modified Experience-Based Co-Design (EBCD) method to develop SPECTROM, which involved a literature review, four focus groups and a co-design event day involving 26 stakeholders. Recommendations from the co-design event day were analyzed by a Programme Development Group (PDG) consisting of 21 stakeholders who made the final recommendations to the project team regarding the contents and the format of SPECTROM, which was finalized after receiving feedback from further 59 stakeholders. SPECTROM has web-based resources introduced through two core modules in face-to-face workshops/training. A small field test found SPECTROM was effective in improving staff's knowledge of psychotropic medications and attitude toward BtC and people with ID (p < 0.05). One of the 14 STOMP modules is “Effective liaison with family carers and advocates”. In this paper, we have presented data from the co-design event day recommendations for this particular module. The group recommended ways to improve collaborative working and effective shared decision-making with family caregivers and people with ID/ASD.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Support staff liaising effectively with family caregivers: Findings from a co-design event and recommendation for a staff training resource

Deb

Limbu

2022

Front. Psychiatry

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“…Many studies have shown that staff training increases staff knowledge but does not necessarily improve staff attitudes towards behaviours of concern (Deb & Roberts 2005; Rose & Gallivan 2019). Hence, there is an emphasis on SPECTROM to improve staff attitude towards behaviours of concern and its intervention, with a particular focus on psychotropic medications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Training support workers about the overmedication of people with intellectual disabilities: an Australian pre–post pilot study

Wilson

Barratt

Jorgensen

et al. 2023

J intellect Disabil Res

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Background There is evidence that psychotropic medications are overprescribed and overused to manage behaviours of concern for people with intellectual disabilities. Disability support workers and support staff lack education and training on the administration and safety of psychotropic medication use. This study aimed to test the applicability and preliminary efficacy of SPECTROM, an education programme developed in the UK, in an Australian context. MethodsThe training comprises two parts: Module 1 encompasses psychotropic medications, their use and side effects. Module 2 focuses on non-pharmacological interventions for supporting people with behaviours of concern. Thirty-three participants attended the training course and completed pre-training and post-training surveys on the Psychotropic Knowledge Questionnaire and Management of Aggression and Violence Attitude Scale-Revised at four time points: pre-training, 2 weeks, 3 months and 5 months post-training. Results Psychotropic Knowledge Questionnaire scores showed statistically significant post-training improvement at all post-training time points (P < 0.05). Management of Aggression and Violence Attitude Scale-Revised scores were high at pre-training and did not change significantly at any of the post-training survey time points. A 2-week posttraining feedback questionnaire reported 80% agreement that the training programme was appropriate, useful and valid. Only 36% of participants completed questionnaires at all time points. Conclusions SPECTROM training increased staff knowledge of psychotropic medications, yet loss of participants was high. Further refinement of the applicability of the training for the Australian context and evaluation of the feasibility of implementation, clinical and cost-effectiveness of the programme are required.

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“…Although several small studies of staff training have shown some impact on challenging behaviour [ 16 ], SPECTROM is the only programme specifically developed to help staff to play a direct part in facilitating the reduction in inappropriate prescribing. In a previous review of staff training in intellectual disabilities, Deb and Roberts [ 24 ] found that whereas most training increases staff knowledge, it does not necessarily help to change staff attitudes towards challenging behaviour.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Appropriate staff training is successful in reducing psychotropic medication use in people with dementia [ 14 ] and improve autism symptoms in children through parental training [ 15 ]. The current training available to support staff working with adults with intellectual disabilities including PBS training do not directly address the issue of overmedication [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Term Psycho-Education for Caregivers to Reduce Overmedication of People with Intellectual Disabilities (SPECTROM): Development and Field Testing

Limbu

Unwin

Woodcock

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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People with intellectual disabilities (PwID) are at a higher risk of developing challenging behaviours (CB). Despite the poor evidence for the effectiveness of medications in managing CB, they are used widely among PwID (50–63%). The aims of our study were to develop a training programme, SPECTROM for support staff to help reduce overmedication in PwID and carry out field testing of SPECTROM including a process evaluation. We developed SPECTROM using the Experience-based co-design method that included four focus groups and a one-day co-design event. Twenty trainees received SPECTROM training. We used the Management of Aggression and Violence Attitudes Scale-Revised-Intellectual Disabilities (MAVAS-R-ID) and the Psychotropic knowledge questionnaire. A semi-structured interview and a feasibility questionnaire were used for process evaluation. SPECTROM website contains 14 modules, resources, and face-to-face training. MAVAS-R-ID scores showed change in staff attitude to ‘medication management’ domain was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Psychotropic knowledge questionnaire showed statistical post-training improvement in correct responses (p < 0.05). Process evaluation data showed that SPECTROM was acceptable, applicable, practical, and relevant to staff practice, and helped to improve self-reflection, knowledge, and support to PwID. SPECTROM is a useful training that helps to change the support staff’s attitude toward CB and improve their knowledge of psychotropic medications.

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Staff Training and Supervision

Cited by 4 publications

References 61 publications

Support staff liaising effectively with family caregivers: Findings from a co-design event and recommendation for a staff training resource

Support staff liaising effectively with family caregivers: Findings from a co-design event and recommendation for a staff training resource

Training support workers about the overmedication of people with intellectual disabilities: an Australian pre–post pilot study

Short-Term Psycho-Education for Caregivers to Reduce Overmedication of People with Intellectual Disabilities (SPECTROM): Development and Field Testing

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