Stackelberg Game Analysis of E-Waste Recycling Stakeholders under Recovery Time Sensitivity and CRMs Life Expectancy Sensitivity

Abstract

In order to discuss the participation selection strategy of relevant subjects in WEEE recycling, a Stackelberg game model of “recyclers—remanufacturers—government” in a WEEE recycling network is constructed, and the system’s stability strategy and conditions are analyzed. Besides this, the direct and indirect effects of recovery time sensitivity, CRMs’ life expectancy sensitivity, and government subsidies on the optimal decision-making of both recyclers and remanufacturers are explored. The results show that the system can achieve a stable and ideal equilibrium, and achieve win–win for all parties, through reasonable profit transfer and cost-sharing. The dual sensitivity of manufacturers’ demand and policy subsidies has the same qualitative impact on the decision variables of the recyclers and remanufacturers. The subsidies vary depending on the CRMs’ recovery effort level of remanufacturers, and these can incentivize the remanufacturers to increase CRMs’ life expectancy. Moreover, a cost-sharing contract between recyclers and remanufacturers can avoid “free-riding” behavior in WEEE recycling. The research can assist in the benefit coordination and behavior adjustment of WEEE recycling members, and provide a theoretical basis for governments to formulate appropriate recycling subsidies to promote the formal recycling of E-waste.

Exploring Industry-Specific Research Themes on E-Waste: A Literature Review

“…Reviews, evaluation studies, and game theory are found in seven papers. Interestingly, the authors of all seven game-theory-model papers [60,[64][65][66][67][68][69] 2 presents the categorizations of all 87 papers based on research subjects and methodologies adopted by authors. The survey-based methodology is the most prominent one adopted by most authors, with 21 papers, followed by mathematical modeling papers, with 9 papers.…”

“…Reviews, evaluation studies, and game theory are found in seven papers. Interestingly, the authors of all seven game-theory-model papers [60,[64][65][66][67][68][69] are based in China. Table 4 presents the concentration of research fields pursued by the authors.…”