Stacked-and-drawn metamaterials with magnetic resonances in the terahertz range

Tuniz, Alessandro; Lwin, Richard; Argyros, Alexander; Fleming, Simon; Pogson, Elise M; Constable, E.; Lewis, R. A.; Kuhlmey, Boris T.

doi:10.1364/oe.19.016480

Cited by 52 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…Such fiber-shaped metamaterials can be cut and stacked into bulk materials to realize a large number of devices, or woven into other structures, for example negative refractive index materials, when combined with metamaterial fibers possessing a negative magnetic permeability in this range 12 . Note that magnetically responsive fibers may also be fabricated in bulk by a variation on the technique presented here 13 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabricating Metamaterials Using the Fiber Drawing Method

Tuniz

Lwin

Argyros

et al. 2012

JoVE

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Metamaterials are man-made composite materials, fabricated by assembling components much smaller than the wavelength at which they operate 1 . They owe their electromagnetic properties to the structure of their constituents, instead of the atoms that compose them. For example, sub-wavelength metal wires can be arranged to possess an effective electric permittivity that is either positive or negative at a given frequency, in contrast to the metals themselves 2 . This unprecedented control over the behaviour of light can potentially lead to a number of novel devices, such as invisibility cloaks 3 , negative refractive index materials 4 , and lenses that resolve objects below the diffraction limit 5 . However, metamaterials operating at optical, mid-infrared and terahertz frequencies are conventionally made using nano-and micro-fabrication techniques that are expensive and produce samples that are at most a few centimetres in size [6][7] . Here we present a fabrication method to produce hundreds of meters of metal wire metamaterials in fiber form, which exhibit a terahertz plasmonic response 8 . We combine the stack-and-draw technique used to produce microstructured polymer optical fiber 9 with the Taylor-wire process 10 , using indium wires inside polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) tubes. PMMA is chosen because it is an easy to handle, drawable dielectric with suitable optical properties in the terahertz region; indium because it has a melting temperature of 156.6 °C which is appropriate for codrawing with PMMA. We include an indium wire of 1 mm diameter and 99.99% purity in a PMMA tube with 1 mm inner diameter (ID) and 12 mm outside diameter (OD) which is sealed at one end. The tube is evacuated and drawn down to an outer diameter of 1.2 mm. The resulting fiber is then cut into smaller pieces, and stacked into a larger PMMA tube. This stack is sealed at one end and fed into a furnace while being rapidly drawn, reducing the diameter of the structure by a factor of 10, and increasing the length by a factor of 100. Such fibers possess features on the micro-and nano-scale, are inherently flexible, mass-producible, and can be woven to exhibit electromagnetic properties that are not found in nature. They represent a promising platform for a number of novel devices from terahertz to optical frequencies, such as invisible fibers, woven negative refractive index cloths, and super-resolving lenses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabricating Metamaterials Using the Fiber Drawing Method

Tuniz

Lwin

Argyros

et al. 2012

JoVE

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“…[ 45,94 ] A magnetic fi eld perpendicular to the plane of the cylinder (parallel to the fi ber) excites a current around the resonator resulting in both a magnetic fi eld and an electric fi eld across the gap of the resonator. [ 87 ] As such, it behaves as an LC circuit with a high frequency resonance that depends on the resonator's geometry, having a resonant permeability at high frequency.…”

Section: Hybrid Optical Fiber Metamaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Optical Fibers – An Innovative Platform for In‐Fiber Photonic Devices

Schmidt

Argyros

Sorin

2015

Advanced Optical Materials

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162

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The field of hybrid optical fibers is one of the most active research areas in current fiber optics and has the vision of integrating sophisticated materials inside fibers, which are not traditionally used in fiber optics. Novel in‐fiber devices with unique properties have been developed, opening up new directions for fiber optics in fields of critical interest in modern research, such as biophotonics, environmental science, optoelectronics, metamaterials, remote sensing, medicine, or quantum optics. Here the recent progress in the field of hybrid optical fibers is reviewed from an application perspective, focusing on fiber‐integrated devices enabled by including novel materials inside polymer and glass fibers. The topics discussed range from nanowire‐based plasmonics and hyperlenses, to integrated semiconductor devices such as optoelectronic detectors, and intense light generation unlocked by highly nonlinear hybrid waveguides.

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“…Inspired by the procedure for producing optical fibers and photonic-crystal fibers [17,18], fiber drawing has recently emerged as a simple means of inexpensively fabricating large quantities of 3-dimensional metamaterials [19][20][21]. A macroscopic (centimeter-sized) dielectric preform, containing metallic structures with features of the order of 1 mm, is assembled, then heated in a furnace while being stretched down into fiber form.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During this process, the dielectric softens and the metal melts, such that the cross-section of the preform is preserved during stretching, and the original structure is scaled down by many orders of magnitude. This process has so far enabled the production of continuous metal wire arrays down to the micrometer [19] and nanometer [22] scale (tailoring of effective permittivity), as well as longitudinally invariant subwavelength magnetic resonators on the microscale [21] (tailoring of effective permeability).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial dispersion in three-dimensional drawn magnetic metamaterials

Tuniz¹,

Pope²,

Wang³

et al. 2012

Opt. Express

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Abstract:We characterize spatial dispersion in longitudinally invariant drawn metamaterials with a magnetic response at terahertz frequencies, whereby a change in the angle of the incident field produces a shift in the resonant frequency. We present a simple analytical model to predict this shift. We also demonstrate that the spatial dispersion is eliminated by breaking the longitudinal invariance using laser ablation. The experimental results are in agreement with numerical simulations.

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Stacked-and-drawn metamaterials with magnetic resonances in the terahertz range

Cited by 52 publications

References 41 publications

Fabricating Metamaterials Using the Fiber Drawing Method

Fabricating Metamaterials Using the Fiber Drawing Method

Hybrid Optical Fibers – An Innovative Platform for In‐Fiber Photonic Devices

Spatial dispersion in three-dimensional drawn magnetic metamaterials

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