Stable Zn isotopes reveal the uptake and toxicity of zinc oxide engineered nanomaterials inPhragmites australis

Abstract

<p>The Zn stable isotope composition of plants demonstrates that ZnO engineered nanomaterials dissolve before their uptake and accumulation by the roots (brightest inclusions in root cortex).</p>

Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Physiological and Anatomical Indices in Spring Barley Tissues

“…These results are consistent with other recent results [32], in which the chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics were evaluated by another parameter-Fv/Fm. With this connection, it is necessary to note that chronic exposure to high levels of ZnO NPs decreased the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic assimilation in P. australis [54], and severely affected the growth, chlorophyll content, and Fv/Fm of aquatic plants, viz. Hydrilla verticillate, Azolla filiculoides, and Lemna minor [55,56].…”

Particle Size Determines the Phytotoxicity of ZnO Nanoparticles in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Revealed by Spatial Imaging Techniques

“…39,40 These results were consistent with those from other studies, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of NPs on plants may not be directly linked to the released ions. 41,42 Additionally, the binding of these NPs to root surface structures can produce highly concentrated ion levels at the point of contact. A potential explanation is that small-sized NPs have a relatively large surface area and thereby had more opportunity to contact plant cells, which might cause stronger mechanical friction and induce nanomechanical damage on plants.…”

A critical review on the toxicity regulation and ecological risks of zinc oxide nanoparticles to plants

“…For example, micron-sized ZnO as Environmental Science: Nano Critical review well as ZnO NPs with diameters smaller than 100 nm or 50 nm inhibited Phragmites australis growth. 41 Especially, NPs < 50 nm emitted more Zn 2+ and exhibited higher toxicity. 41 In some cases, low doses of ZnO NPs promoted seed germination and plant growth, but high doses of NPs diminished this physiology.…”

“…41 Especially, NPs < 50 nm emitted more Zn 2+ and exhibited higher toxicity. 41 In some cases, low doses of ZnO NPs promoted seed germination and plant growth, but high doses of NPs diminished this physiology. 47 The toxicity of ZnO NPs was also influenced by plant species, and a higher sensitivity to NPs could be found in Solanum lycopersicum than in Triticum aestivum L. under the same treatments.…”