Stable Transfection Study for Cloning and Expression of Hiv-1 Nef Protein in Hek 293 Cells
Abstract:Human immunodeficiency virus continues to be a major global populace health issue, there were approximately 34 million people living with HIV in 2011. However, the development of anti -viral has blunted the AIDS epidemic in the Western world but globally the epidemic has not been curtailed. Nef is one of these accessory genes that are only present within HIV and SIV genome and thought to play a in the progression to AIDS. The given its central purpose in HIV Pathogenesis, Nef considered as a potential anti-vir… Show more
“…It can play a role to catalyse the important reactions in the metabolism of amino acids and proteins. [24][25][26][27][28] As it is known that there are about 60 types of amino acid reactions involving pyridoxal phosphate. 29 Therefore, the pyridoxine plays the important role in the formation of protein in chicken eggs, especially in albumin level.…”
Section: Analysis Of Chicken Egg Globulin Protein Levelsmentioning
This research investigates the effective methods of pyridoxine supplementation to enhance the protein (albumin and globulin) level of chicken egg. 12 laying hens that been ready to produce eggs were categorized into three groups based on pyridoxine supplementation methods (via drinking water, ration, and intravenous injection). Each group received supplementation pyridoxine treatment with dosage of 3 mg/kg ransoms for 68 days. The albumin and globulin levels were analyzed using Folin's Fenol technique and compared to the standard egg. We found that only albumin level could be enhanced. The intravenous injection was the most effective method to significantly increase the albumin levels compared.
“…It can play a role to catalyse the important reactions in the metabolism of amino acids and proteins. [24][25][26][27][28] As it is known that there are about 60 types of amino acid reactions involving pyridoxal phosphate. 29 Therefore, the pyridoxine plays the important role in the formation of protein in chicken eggs, especially in albumin level.…”
Section: Analysis Of Chicken Egg Globulin Protein Levelsmentioning
This research investigates the effective methods of pyridoxine supplementation to enhance the protein (albumin and globulin) level of chicken egg. 12 laying hens that been ready to produce eggs were categorized into three groups based on pyridoxine supplementation methods (via drinking water, ration, and intravenous injection). Each group received supplementation pyridoxine treatment with dosage of 3 mg/kg ransoms for 68 days. The albumin and globulin levels were analyzed using Folin's Fenol technique and compared to the standard egg. We found that only albumin level could be enhanced. The intravenous injection was the most effective method to significantly increase the albumin levels compared.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) is known to establish a persistent latent infection. The use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) can effectively reduce the viral load, but the treatment can be costly and may lead to the development of drug resistance and life-shortening side effects. It is important to develop an ideal and safer in vivo target therapy that will effectively block viral replication and expression in the body. Exosomes have recently emerged as a promising drug delivery vehicle due to their low immunogenicity, nanoscale size (30-150nm), high biocompatibility, and stability in the targeted area. Exosomes, which are genetically produced by different types of cells such as dendritic cells, neurons, T and B cells, epithelial cells, tumor cells, and mast cells, are designed for efficient delivery to targeted cells. In this article, we review and highlight recent developments in the strategy and application of exosome-based HIV-1 vaccines. We also discuss the use of exosome-based antigen delivery systems in vaccine development. HIV-1 antigen can be loaded into exosomes, and this modified cargo can be delivered to target cells or tissues through different loading approaches. This review also discusses the immunological prospects of exosomes and their role as biomarkers in disease progression. However, there are significant administrative and technological obstacles that need to be overcome to fully harness the potential of exosome drug delivery systems.
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