We prove a systolic inequality for a -relative systole of a -essential 2-complex X , where W 1 .X / ! G is a homomorphism to a finitely presented group G . Thus, we show that universally for any -essential Riemannian 2-complex X , and any G , the following inequality is satisfied: sys.X; / 2 Ä 8Area.X /. Combining our results with a method of L Guth, we obtain new quantitative results for certain 3-manifolds: in particular for the Poincaré homology sphere †, we have sys. †/ 3 Ä 24Vol. †/.53C23, 57M20; 57N65
Relative systolesWe prove a systolic inequality for a -relative systole of a -essential 2-complex X , where W 1 .X / ! G is a homomorphism to a finitely presented group G . Thus, we show that universally for any -essential Riemannian 2-complex X , and any G , we have sys.X; / 2 Ä 8 Area.X /. Combining our results with a method of L Guth, we obtain new quantitative results for certain 3-manifolds: in particular for the Poincaré homology sphere †, we have sys. †/ 3 Ä 24 Vol. †/. To state the results more precisely, we need the following definition.Let X be a finite connected 2-complex. Let W 1 .X / ! G be a group homomorphism.Recall that induces a classifying map (defined up to homotopy) X ! K.G; 1/.Definition 1.1 The complex X is called -essential if the classifying map X ! K.G; 1/ cannot be homotoped into the 1-skeleton of K.G; 1/. Definition 1.2 Given a piecewise smooth Riemannian metric on X , the -relative systole of X , denoted sys.X; /, is the least length of a loop of X whose free homotopy class is mapped by to a nontrivial class. When is the identity homomorphism of the fundamental group, the relative systole is simply called the systole, and denoted sys.X /.Definition 1.3 The -systolic area .X / of X is defined as.X /;where the infimum is over all -essential piecewise Riemannian finite connected 2-complexes X , and homomorphisms with values in G .In the present text, we prove a systolic inequality for the -relative systole of aessential 2-complex X . More precisely, in the spirit of Guth's text [18], we prove a stronger, local version of such an inequality, for almost extremal complexes with minimal first Betti number. Namely, if X has a minimal first Betti number among all -essential piecewise Riemannian 2-complexes satisfying .X / Ä .G/ C " for an " > 0, then the area of a suitable disk of X is comparable to the area of a Euclidean disk of the same radius, in the sense of the following result.Theorem 1.4 Let " > 0. Suppose X has a minimal first Betti number among allessential piecewise Riemannian 2-complexes satisfying .X / Ä .G/ C ". Then each ball centered at a point x on a -systolic loop in X satisfies the area lower boundwhenever r satisfies " 1=3 Ä r Ä 1 2 sys.X; /.A more detailed statement appears in Proposition 8.2. The theorem immediately implies the following systolic inequality.Corollary 1.5 Every finitely presented group G satisfiesso that every piecewise Riemannian -essential 2-complex X satisfies the inequalityAlgebraic & Geometric Topology, Volume 11 (2011) Relative systoles of relativ...