Stable, Strain-Sensitive Conductive Hydrogel with Antifreezing Capability, Remoldability, and Reusability

Hu, Chengxin; Zhang, Yulin; Wang, Xiangdong; Xing, Lidan; Shi, Lingying; Ran, Rong

doi:10.1021/acsami.8b15287

Cited by 245 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…However, the conductivity of organohydrogels is reduced due to the decrease in water content, which restricts their potential application in the field of flexible and wearable soft strain sensors. To achieve superior electrical conductivity, representative conductive hydrogel‐based sensors were fabricated by integrating conductive fillers, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, conductive polymers, into an elastic hydrogel matrix. For example, a wearable, healable, and adhesive epidermal sensor comprising conductive functionalized single‐wall carbon nanotube, biocompatible polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and polydopamine (PDA) was employed to monitor human biologic activities .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductive MXene Nanocomposite Organohydrogel for Flexible, Healable, Low‐Temperature Tolerant Strain Sensors

Liao

Guo

Wan

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

603

473

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Conductive hydrogels are attracting tremendous interest in the field of flexible and wearable soft strain sensors because of their great potential in electronic skins, and personalized healthcare monitoring. However, conventional conductive hydrogels using pure water as the dispersion medium will inevitably freeze at subzero temperatures, resulting in the diminishment of their conductivity and mechanical properties; meanwhile, even at room temperature, such hydrogels suffer from the inevitable loss of water due to evaporation, which leads to a poor shelf-life. Herein, an antifreezing, self-healing, and conductive MXene nanocomposite organohydrogel (MNOH) is developed by immersing MXene nanocomposite hydrogel (MNH) in ethylene glycol (EG) solution to replace a portion of the water molecules. The MNH is prepared from the incorporation of the conductive MXene nanosheet networks into hydrogel polymer networks. The as-prepared MNOH exhibits an outstanding antifreezing property (−40 °C), long-lasting moisture retention (8 d), excellent self-healing capability, and superior mechanical properties. Furthermore, this MNOH can be assembled as a wearable strain sensor to detect human biologic activities with a relatively broad strain range (up to 350% strain) and a high gauge factor of 44.85 under extremely low temperatures. This work paves the way for potential applications in electronic skins, human−machine interactions, and personalized healthcare monitoring.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductive MXene Nanocomposite Organohydrogel for Flexible, Healable, Low‐Temperature Tolerant Strain Sensors

Liao

Guo

Wan

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

603

473

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“…However, the brittleness of CHs with conductive polymer as the key component in practical applications greatly limits their option. Conductive hydrogel networks constructed with conductive polymers are stable, including polyaniline (PANI), [ 28 ] polypyrrole (PPy), [ 29,30 ] polythiophene (PTh), [ 31 ] and so on, but the flexibility of such conductive hydrogels is limited by the inherent rigidity of conductive polymer chains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal‐Free and Stretchable Conductive Hydrogels for High Transparent Conductive Film and Flexible Strain Sensor with High Sensitivity

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2020

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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faces, [9] biosensors, [10][11][12][13][14] actuators, [15,16] and flexible supercapacitors. [17,18] Transparency and ultrathin is also important requirements for biomedical electronics when applied in miniature smart electronic products. Conductive hydrogels are usually prepared by introducing conductive materials such as metal nanoparticles [19][20][21] or nanowires (silver, nickel), [22,23] carbon nanotubes [24] or graphite materials [25] directly into the polymer substrate. However, particle deposition and poor interfacial compatibility reduce the mechanical strength and electron transport capacity of the conductive hydrogels, and these conductive hydrogels are opaque. Transparent conductive hydrogels have been reported. Metal ions are also used to produce transparent conductive hydrogels because they act as carriers for electron conduction. [26] However, the stability of hydrogels is affected by the leakage of liquid metal ions. Moreover, transparent conductive hydrogels were prepared by in situ formation of polypyrrole (PPy) nanofibers in the polymer network. [27] However, the preparation of ultrathin films is limited by the composition of hydrogels. Conductive polymers are more compatible with human skin than inorganic metal material, making them particularly suitable for assembling electronic products that can undergo plastic deformation on dynamic, curved or elastic surfaces. However, the brittleness of CHs with conductive polymer as the key component in practical applications greatly limits their option. Conductive hydrogel networks constructed with conductive polymers are stable, including polyaniline (PANI), [28] polypyrrole (PPy), [29,30] polythiophene (PTh), [31] and so on, but the flexibility of such conductive hydrogels is limited by the inherent rigidity of conductive polymer chains.The semi-interpenetrating (semi-IPN) network structure provides an effective way for the construction of flexible CHs, [32][33][34] which inserts rigid conductive polymers into the flexible 3D network structure. Meanwhile, the 3D network structure of hydrogels can trap large amounts of water, [35] and its network structure and viscoelasticity are very similar to biological extracellular matrix composed of biological macromolecules. [36] Hence, deformation occurs when a certain amount of pressure Conductive hydrogels show promising applications in wearable electronic devices. However, it is still challenging to increase the conductivity as well as the mechanical performance of the conductive hydrogels. In addition, it is more challenging to fabricate ultrathin conductive films with good mechanical strength and high transparency. In this study, a metal-free flexible conductive hydrogel for flexible wearable strain sensor with high sensitivity is presented. The conductive hydrogel is prepared by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) templated polymerizing of polypyrrole (PPy) followed by gelating based on the polymerizing and cross-linking of polyacrylamide (PAAm). The conductive hydrogel is endowed excellent mechanical properties by ...

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“…Thus, the printed hydrogel is broken easily. It is reported that the combination of conductive polymer (polypyrrole (PPy) [16], polythiophene (PTh) [17] and polyaniline (PANI) [18]) and hydrogel can form interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) or double network (DN) structure, which can improve the mechanical properties of hydrogel [19,20]. The conductive polymer not only provided electrical properties but also act as a stiff chain to improve strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tough and conductive polymer hydrogel based on double network for photo-curing 3D printing

Ding

Jia

Gan

et al. 2020

Mater. Res. Express

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Conductive hydrogels (CHs) have attracted significant attention in wearable equipment and soft sensors due to their high flexibility and conductivity. However, CHs with high-strength and freestructure still need to be further explored. Herein, 3D printing high-strength conductive polymer hydrogels (CPHs) based on a double network was prepared. Firstly, PHEA-PSS hydrogels were prepared by copolymerizing 2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) with 4-Vinylbenzenesulfonic acid (SSS) using a photo-curing 3D printer. Then 3, 4-Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) was in situ polymerized in the network of PHEA-PSS to obtain the PHEA-PSS/PEDOT hydrogels. It can not only satisfy the printing of complex spatial structures, but also has high mechanical and electrical properties. When the content of EDOT is 12 wt%, the tensile strength of the PHEA-PSS/PEDOT hydrogels is close to 8 MPa, the electrical conductivity reach to 1.2 S cm −1 and the elasticity remain unchanged. Due to the presence of hydrogen and coordination bonds, CPHs have certain self-heal ability. In addition, the resistance of the hydrogel is sensitive to the changes of external pressure. The results show that CPHs can be used as a 3D printing material for flexible sensors.

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Stable, Strain-Sensitive Conductive Hydrogel with Antifreezing Capability, Remoldability, and Reusability

Cited by 245 publications

References 32 publications

Conductive MXene Nanocomposite Organohydrogel for Flexible, Healable, Low‐Temperature Tolerant Strain Sensors

Conductive MXene Nanocomposite Organohydrogel for Flexible, Healable, Low‐Temperature Tolerant Strain Sensors

Metal‐Free and Stretchable Conductive Hydrogels for High Transparent Conductive Film and Flexible Strain Sensor with High Sensitivity

Tough and conductive polymer hydrogel based on double network for photo-curing 3D printing

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