Stable or unstable? Landscape diversity and ecosystem stability across scales in the forest–grassland ecotone in northern China

Li, Zhouyuan; Ma, Tianxiao; Cai, Yufeng; Fei, Tingting; Zhai, Chen; Qi, Wenxiao; Dong, Shiyun; Gao, Jixi; Wang, Xuguang; Wang, Shaopeng

doi:10.1007/s10980-023-01654-6

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In our study, PD was strongly positively correlated with NPP, in contrast to the other ESs (Table 5). This result may be because higher PD implies the presence of more edge effects, which may lead to changes in environmental factors such as light, temperature and humidity in the edge region, thus promoting plant growth and reproduction (Li et al, 2023). We mentioned in the previous section that WS and NPP had a negative relationship in the majority of regions (Figure 5).…”

Section: The Landscape Driving Mechanism Behind Ess Under the Gfgpmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The establishment of forested areas and grasslands has allowed patches of natural vegetation to be interspersed with agricultural land, creating a pattern of interlocking configurations in the landscape (Ma et al, 2022). This has helped to increase landscape heterogeneity and improve ecological connectivity, promoting the flow of species and ecological processes through the landscape (Li et al, 2023). These changes bring positive ecological outcomes, but they also bring challenges and trade-offs that need to be addressed for the long-term success of the program.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interactions among ecosystem service key factors in vulnerable areas and their response to landscape patterns under the National Grain to Green Program

Zuo,

Gao,

2023

Land Degrad Dev

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A deeper understanding of the interactions between ecosystem services (ESs) and the drivers of the landscape patterns behind them is critical to how ecological restoration projects in ecologically sensitive and fragile areas are planned and managed. However, few studies have explored the response patterns of ESs to changes in landscape patterns from a geospatial perspective. This study aimed to reveal the relationship between key ESs and landscape pattern responses at spatial scales and to propose the optimization of ecological restoration measures in response to ES trade‐offs problem. The InVEST and CASA models were used to assess the spatial and temporal characteristics of five key ESs in the Beichuan River Basin since the completion of the National Grain to Green Program (2000–2020), selected five key factors are as below: habitat quality (HQ); net primary productivity (NPP); water supply (WS); soil conservation (SC); and water conservation (WC). Geographically weighted regression (GWR) models were used to reveal the trade‐offs and synergies between ESs and the driving mechanisms of landscape patterns from a geospatial perspective. The results showed that landscape connectivity in the study area improved and landscape fragmentation decreased during 2000–2020, accompanied by the increase in HQ, SC, and WC, while NPP and WS decreased. The trade‐offs between ESs appeared mainly between NPP and other ESs, with the NPP–WS pair trade‐off being the strongest. Spearman correlation analysis, geographic detectors, and GWR revealed that the dominant landscape pattern indices affecting ESs showed good agreement. The interaction of the two landscape pattern indices had stronger explanatory power for the variation in ESs than any single landscape pattern index. The patch density index, as the most important landscape pattern index affecting NPP and WS, should be the primary consideration in future landscape planning to reconcile the contradiction between WS and NPP. Because of the inherent spatial heterogeneity of ESs and landscape patterns, analyzing their response relationships from a geospatial perspective can provide scientific guidance to decision‐makers.

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Section: The Landscape Driving Mechanism Behind Ess Under the Gfgpmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions among ecosystem service key factors in vulnerable areas and their response to landscape patterns under the National Grain to Green Program

Zuo,

Gao,

2023

Land Degrad Dev

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“…[85]. For example, the occurrence of prolonged drought events reduces species richness and decreases the ratio of ANPP (above ground net primary productivity) to BNPP (below ground net primary productivity) [86].…”

Section: Npp Stability and Community Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Variation and Factors Influencing the Stability of NPP in Chinese Shrubland Ecosystems

Li,

Hu,

et al. 2024

Forests

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Given the importance of net primary productivity (NPP) as an indicator of ecosystem productivity and its role in the global carbon cycle, understanding the factors that influence its stability can greatly improve our understanding of shrubland ecosystems and their response to global change. Between 2015 and 2022, we visited most of the primary shrubland in China and surveyed 751 shrubland patches. We collected data on community structure (canopy cover), shrub and herb species diversity, and soil physicochemical properties (soil nitrogen content and soil phosphorus content). We also used remote sensing data to obtain NPP from 2001 to 2022. We quantified temporal trends in shrubland stability in China and used structural equation modeling to disentangle the direct and indirect effects of climate, soil, and shrub community structural properties. We found that 85.3% of China’s shrublands remained stable in terms of productivity from 2001 to 2022, 10.6% of the shrublands increased in stability, and 4.1% of the shrublands need to be alerted to a significant decrease in stability. These changes in stability were mainly related to precipitation changes. We found that changes in precipitation directly affected the stability of net productivity and also indirectly through changes in shrub cover and species richness. Some aspects of community structure moderated these effects. We further found that the portion of shrubland with an upward trend in stability did not have a significant correlation between the stability of net primary productivity and community structure and soil N. Instead, soil phosphorus was the largest direct influence.

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“…For specific environmental conditions, after constructing suitable terrain and soil conditions, the biological parts of ecosystems can be further constructed and configured according to the characteristics of community species diversity and the law of vegetation succession [31,32], so as to ultimately realize the restoration and construction of different ecosystems with biodiversity, strong stress resistance and stability [33].…”

Section: Adaptive Restoration Of Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Scenario Simulation of Ecosystems Based on Adaptive Restoration to Promote Human–Nature Harmony: A Case Study of Loess Hills Micro-Watershed

Li,

Shi,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Land

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The ecological environment in loess hilly regions is fragile, and the contradiction between the development of human society and ecological environment protection is becoming more and more prominent with the intensification of human interference. In order to give full play to the role of ecosystem adaptation in ecological restoration, this study seeks natural conditions that are suitable for the stable existence of ecosystems in the Wanhuigou catchment using the reference ecosystem method and uses these conditions as constraints of the GeoSOS-FLUS model for multi-scenario simulation. Based on ecosystem service value and ecological compensation mechanisms, the comprehensive benefits of different scenarios are compared, and economic development is taken into account while ensuring that ecological protection remains a priority. The results show the following: (1) The unstable ecosystems concentrated on a gentle slope (5–15°) at altitudes of 1201–1379 m, 1201–1594 m, 1379–1715 m and 1715–1856 m are suitable for restoration to farmland, shrub, grassland and forest ecosystems, respectively, and the change characteristics of soil and vegetation communities also verify the above conclusions. (2) The scenario of agricultural development from 2020 to 2030 and the early stages from 2030 to 2050 is the best among the three scenarios, while the scenario of ecological protection is the best in the middle and late stages of 2030–2050. Formulating relevant policies and ecological protection measures according to the scenario of ecological protection is more conducive to promoting the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature. (3) Under the scenario of ecological protection, the unstable ecosystem distributed along the gentle slope (5–15°) of 1379–1483 m and 1483–1594 m achieves the most significant improvement in ecosystem service value by focusing on and giving priority to the restoration of natural conditions that are suitable for the stable existence of ecosystems. This study provides ideas and references for the formation of ecosystem restoration and development strategies for small watersheds in loess hilly regions, and it is of great significance for the promotion of a harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.

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Stable or unstable? Landscape diversity and ecosystem stability across scales in the forest–grassland ecotone in northern China

Cited by 9 publications

References 61 publications

Interactions among ecosystem service key factors in vulnerable areas and their response to landscape patterns under the National Grain to Green Program

Interactions among ecosystem service key factors in vulnerable areas and their response to landscape patterns under the National Grain to Green Program

Temporal Variation and Factors Influencing the Stability of NPP in Chinese Shrubland Ecosystems

Multi-Scenario Simulation of Ecosystems Based on Adaptive Restoration to Promote Human–Nature Harmony: A Case Study of Loess Hills Micro-Watershed

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