Stable isotope proxies for evaluating biodiversity in stream biota

Yoshimura, Mayumi

doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.04.030

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, both surface and subsurface disturbances should be considered in watershed-level assessments of deforestation. In stream ecosystems, biodiversity and food web structures are well characterized by stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ 13 C) and nitrogen (δ 15 N; e.g., Yoshimura 2015), as δ 13 C and δ 15 N values are indicative of food sources and trophic levels of animals, respectively (Minagawa andWada 1984, Peterson andFry 1987). Food webs, which involve the biological transfer of energy and materials, are one of the components of stream ecosystems most sensitive to environmental change (Power et al 1996, Wallace et al 1997.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The FFGs depend to varying degrees on aquatic primary producers (e.g., periphytic algae attached to rock surfaces; hereafter, periphyton) and terrestrial primary producers (e.g., leaf litter of riparian plants; hereafter, terrestrial litter). In stream ecosystems, biodiversity and food web structures are well characterized by stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ 13 C) and nitrogen (δ 15 N; e.g., Yoshimura 2015), as δ 13 C and δ 15 N values are indicative of food sources and trophic levels of animals, respectively (Minagawa andWada 1984, Peterson andFry 1987). Isotopic compositions of bulk periphyton can represent those of periphytic algae (Ishikawa et al 2015b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Terrestrial‐aquatic linkage in stream food webs along a forest chronosequence: multi‐isotopic evidence

Ishikawa

Togashi

Kato

et al. 2016

Ecology

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Long-term monitoring of ecosystem succession provides baseline data for conservation and management, as well as for understanding the dynamics of underlying biogeochemical processes. We examined the effects of deforestation and subsequent afforestation of a riparian forest of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) on stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (δ¹⁵N) and natural abundances of radiocarbon (Δ¹⁴C) in stream biota in the Mt. Gomadan Experimental Forest and the Wakayama Forest Research Station, Kyoto University, central Japan. Macroinvertebrates, periphytic algae attached to rock surfaces (periphyton), and leaf litter of terrestrial plants were collected from six headwater streams with similar climate, topography, and bedrock geology, except for the stand ages of riparian forests (from 3 to 49 yr old in five stands and > 90 yr old in one reference stand). Light intensity and δ¹³C values of both periphyton and macroinvertebrates decreased synchronously with forest age in winter. A Bayesian mixing model indicates that periphyton contributions to the stream food webs are maximized in 23-yr-old forests. Except for grazers, most macroinvertebrates showed Δ¹⁴C values similar to those of terrestrial leaf litter, reflecting the influence of modern atmospheric CO₂ Δ¹⁴C values. On the other hand, the Δ¹⁴C values of both periphyton and grazers (i.e., aquatic primary consumers) were significantly lower than that of modern atmospheric CO₂, and were lowest in 23-yr-old forest stands. Previous studies show that root biomass of C. japonica peaks at 15-30 yr after planting. These evidences suggest that soil CO₂ released by root respiration and dispersed by groundwater weathers carbonate substrata, and that dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) with low Δ¹⁴C is incorporated into stream periphyton and some macroinvertebrates. The ecological response in the studied streams to clear-cutting and replanting of Japanese cedar is much slower (~20 yr) than the chemical response (< 5 yr). More than 50 yr is required for the food web structure to completely recover from clear-cutting. The ecological delay is attributed to several biogeochemical factors, the understanding of which is critical to integrated management of forest-stream continuum and the prediction of ecosystem resilience in response to environmental change.

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