Stable isotope coherence in the earlywood and latewood of tree-line conifers

Kress, Anne; Young, Giles H.F.; Saurer, Matthias; Loader, Neil J.; Siegwolf, Rolf; McCarroll, Danny

doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.07.008

Cited by 51 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…However Kress et al (2009) showed no carry-over effect for two tree-line conifers due to the limitation of carbohydrates caused by short growing season lengths. Because of the existence of carry over effect in both pine species in the present study, it is suggested to analysis earlywood and latewood carbon isotope separately (Kagawa et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Tree-ring δ 13 C is controlled by the balance between stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate (Farquhar et al, 1980; Leavitt and Long, 1988). Thus δ 13 C is frequently correlated with air humidity or precipitation in dry environments (Gebrekirstos et al, 2009, 2011; Kress et al, 2009; Brienen et al, 2011), whereas it is associated with irradiance factors and growing season temperature in humid environments (McCarroll and Loader, 2004). δ 13 C has been widely used to calculate intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) and to estimate differences in water use among different plants (McCarroll and Loader, 2004; Gebrekirstos et al, 2011; Gessler et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, wood formation may be influenced by carbohydrates synthesized in the previous growing season and remobilized to form earlywood in the following spring (Kagawa et al, 2006). Such a carbon carry-over effect was proven in the tropical conifer Podocarpus falcatus from the Ethiopian highlands (Krepkowski et al, 2013), whereas Kress et al (2009) showed that Scots pine did not rely on stored carbon reserves from previous years at tree-line sites in European mountain regions. Thus, the contribution of the carry-over effect to wood formation might differ between species and regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Earlywood and Latewood Stable Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Variations in Two Pine Species in Southwestern China during the Recent Decades

Grießinger

Gebrekirstos

et al. 2017

Front. Plant Sci.

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Stable isotopes in wood cellulose of tree rings provide a high-resolution record of environmental conditions, yet intra-annual analysis of carbon and oxygen isotopes and their associations with physiological responses to seasonal environmental changes are still lacking. We analyzed tree-ring stable carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope variations in the earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) of pines from a secondary forest (Pinus kesiya) and from a natural forest (Pinus armandii) in southwestern China. There was no significant difference between δ13CEW and δ13CLW in P. kesiya, while δ13CEW was significantly higher than δ13CLW in P. armandii. For both P. kesiya and P. armandii, δ13CEW was highly correlated with previous year’s δ13CLW, indicating a strong carbon carry-over effect for both pines. The intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) in the earlywood of P. armandii was slightly higher than that of P. kesiya, and iWUE of both pine species showed an increasing trend, but at a considerably higher rate in P. kesiya. Respective δ13CEW and δ13CLW series were not correlated between the two pine species and could be influenced by local environmental factors. δ13CEW of P. kesiya was positively correlated with July to September monthly mean temperature (MMT), whereas δ13CEW of P. armandii was positively correlated with February to May MMT. Respective δ18OEW and δ18OLW in P. kesiya were positively correlated with those in P. armandii, indicating a strong common climatic forcing in δ18O for both pine species. δ18OEW of both pine species was negatively correlated with May relative humidity and δ18OEW in P. armandii was negatively correlated with May precipitation, whereas δ18OLW in both pine species was negatively correlated with precipitation during autumn months, showing a high potential for climate reconstruction. Our results reveal slightly higher iWUE in natural forest pine species than in secondary forest pine species, and separating earlywood and latewood of for δ18O analyses could provide seasonally distinct climate signals in southwestern China.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Earlywood and Latewood Stable Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Variations in Two Pine Species in Southwestern China during the Recent Decades

Grießinger

Gebrekirstos

et al. 2017

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…This pattern might appear surprising as several studies indicated clearer climate signals in latewood than in whole ring samples [e.g., McCarroll and Loader , 2004; Schleser et al , 1999]. However, the lack of latewood only long‐term records seems to be related to (1) studies indicating insignificant whole ring/latewood differences in conifers [ Kress et al , 2009], (2) the difficulty to determine earlywood/latewood boundaries in conifers [ Schweingruber , 1983], and (3) the typically narrow tree rings in old‐growth conifer species making it virtually impossible to cut representative latewood samples throughout several centuries. Given the numbers and types of long‐term isotopic records currently available, it appeared useful to assess whole ring signals in conifer species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐frequency noise in δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O tree ring data: A case study of Pinus uncinata in the Spanish Pyrenees

Esper

Frank²,

Battipaglia

et al. 2010

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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100

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[1] Isotopic discrimination measurements in tree rings are becoming increasingly important estimators of past environmental change. Potential biases inherent to these parameters, including age trend and level offset are, however, not well understood. We here perform measurements on a new millennium-long data set of decadally resolved d 18 O and d 13 C discrimination from 25 high-elevation pine trees in the Spanish Pyrenees to investigate whether such low-frequency biases exist and how they alter the long-term behavior of derived time series. Alignment of the tree ring data by biological age reveals age trends over the first one to four centuries after germination. On average, isotope values change by −0.089‰ d 18 O and +0.064‰ d 13 C per decade over the first 100 years of tree growth. This trend persists into the forth century after germination for d 18 O but diminishes to ∼0‰ over the 100-390 year period for d 13 C. We also find level offsets up to 7‰ d 18 O and 3‰ d 13 C between single trees. Analysis of the shape of age trends reveals negative exponential functions as reasonable choices for detrending of d 18 O and (inverted) d 13 C time series. The detrended isotope chronologies share low-frequency variance with traditional ring width and density measurements beyond statistical chance, suggesting that the various parameters reflect some of the same environmental forcing. Our results show that d 18 O and d 13 C from these Spanish pines need to be detrended to assess long-term environmental changes. To evaluate the general applicability of this conclusion, production of (1) well-replicated, (2) nonpooled, and (3) composite chronologies from other species and regions will be required. Increases in measurement speed and technology will make these tests feasible in the coming years.

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“…This is readily observed but is strongly species dependent. Evergreen species show a lower coherence between the earlywood and the latewood (Jäggi et al 2002;Kress et al 2009b) while for the deciduous species a more dynamic transport between the storage and the EW tissues is observed (Hill et al 1995;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are carbohydrate storage strategies of trees traceable by early–latewood carbon isotope differences?

Kimák

Leuenberger

2015

Trees

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Key message Investigations of stable isotopes in earlyand latewood cellulose offer interesting insights to climate-driven adaptations of trees' carbon storage strategy during different phenological phases. Abstract We investigated d 13 C isotopic composition in both earlywood and latewood. The origin of the samples is an oak forest (Quercus petraea), situated in Switzerland. A comparison of isotope compositions between early-and latewood can help us to investigate and understand the processes of plant metabolism in more detail. The fact which we found excellent correlations (r 2 = 55 %) between early-and latewood for carbon isotopes strengthens the common knowledge that atmospheric CO 2 acts as the major carbon source for latewood but the earlywood strongly depends on the reserves from previous years (r 2 = 68 %), at least for oaks investigated in this study. In addition, that no correlation between late woods (r 2 = 0-5 %) was found, manifests the higher variability of direct assimilates. Furthermore, we examined the impacts of increasing air temperature and CO 2 concentration on carbohydrate fluxes in trees and we found remarkable differences between two time periods. In the period AD 1780-1825, the trees intensely used the young reserves while in the period AD 1960AD -1994, there is no clear preference of them. This suggests that in the latter period, a larger volume of reserves is available and that the new assimilated reserves (previous year) do not play the most important part, mainly due to the very favourable conditions induced by climate change, at the investigated site. In conclusion, a carbon isotope approach on early-and latewood samples is ideal to investigate isotope incorporation pathways of physiological processes. This will augment the interpretation of tree ring isotope records with respect to the assignments of their variations to specific biochemical processes within the tree, i.e. carbon allocation.

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Stable isotope coherence in the earlywood and latewood of tree-line conifers

Cited by 51 publications

References 35 publications

Earlywood and Latewood Stable Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Variations in Two Pine Species in Southwestern China during the Recent Decades

Earlywood and Latewood Stable Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Variations in Two Pine Species in Southwestern China during the Recent Decades

Low‐frequency noise in δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O tree ring data: A case study of Pinus uncinata in the Spanish Pyrenees

Are carbohydrate storage strategies of trees traceable by early–latewood carbon isotope differences?

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Stable isotope coherence in the earlywood and latewood of tree-line conifers

Cited by 51 publications

References 35 publications

Earlywood and Latewood Stable Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Variations in Two Pine Species in Southwestern China during the Recent Decades

Earlywood and Latewood Stable Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Variations in Two Pine Species in Southwestern China during the Recent Decades

Low‐frequency noise in δ13C and δ18O tree ring data: A case study of Pinus uncinata in the Spanish Pyrenees

Are carbohydrate storage strategies of trees traceable by early–latewood carbon isotope differences?

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Low‐frequency noise in δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O tree ring data: A case study of Pinus uncinata in the Spanish Pyrenees