Stable isotope chemistry of fossil bone as a new paleoclimate indicator

Kohn, Matthew J.; Law, J. Mclver

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2005.10.023

Cited by 80 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…Even in materials that are subject to rapid alteration, such as bone, the isotopic composition of bioapatite may yield information on climate change by recording an early diagenetic environmental signal (61). In addition, phosphorite (carbonate fluorapatite) is found both in modern sediments and sedimentary rocks dating back to the Pre-Cambrian, and phosphorite geochemistry is widely used to obtain information on ancient marine environments (62).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body temperatures of modern and extinct vertebrates from ¹³ C- ¹⁸ O bond abundances in bioapatite

Eagle

Schauble

Tripati

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

143

123

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The stable isotope compositions of biologically precipitated apatite in bone, teeth, and scales are widely used to obtain information on the diet, behavior, and physiology of extinct organisms and to reconstruct past climate. Here we report the application of a new type of geochemical measurement to bioapatite, a "clumpedisotope" paleothermometer, based on the thermodynamically driven preference for 13 C and 18 O to bond with each other within carbonate ions in the bioapatite crystal lattice. This effect is dependent on temperature but, unlike conventional stable isotope paleothermometers, is independent from the isotopic composition of water from which the mineral formed. We show that the abundance of 13 C-18 O bonds in the carbonate component of tooth bioapatite from modern specimens decreases with increasing body temperature of the animal, following a relationship between isotope "clumping" and temperature that is statistically indistinguishable from inorganic calcite. This result is in agreement with a theoretical model of isotopic ordering in carbonate ion groups in apatite and calcite. This thermometer constrains body temperatures of bioapatite-producing organisms with an accuracy of 1-2°C. Analyses of fossilized tooth enamel of both Pleistocene and Miocene age yielded temperatures within error of those derived from similar modern taxa. Clumped-isotope analysis of bioapatite represents a new approach in the study of the thermophysiology of extinct species, allowing the first direct measurement of their body temperatures. It will also open new avenues in the study of paleoclimate, as the measurement of clumped isotopes in phosphorites and fossils has the potential to reconstruct environmental temperatures.apatite | isotope | paleoclimate | thermophysiology | paleothermometry T he mechanisms by which animals regulate their body temperatures are among the most fundamental aspects of their biology. The acquisition of endothermy, the ability to maintain high and stable body temperatures through internal heat production, is a major physiological change that occurred at an unknown stage during the evolutionary transition to mammals and birds from their ancestors among the nonmammalian therapsids and nonavian dinosaurs, respectively (1). Approaches to understanding the physiology of extinct animals and the evolution of endothermy have largely focused on biophysical modeling, anatomical observations, growth rate analysis from bone histology, and behavioral studies such as estimating predator/prey ratios (1-7). The validity of each of these approaches is uncertain (for contrasting viewpoints on approaches to dinosaur thermoregulation see refs. 4 and 5).Modern endothermic mammals and ectotherms, such as alligators and crocodiles, generally have significant differences in average body temperatures. With rare exceptions, mammals have high and stable body temperatures around 36-38°C regardless of their environment, whereas the body temperatures of ectotherms are generally lower on average and often fluctuate depending o...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body temperatures of modern and extinct vertebrates from ¹³ C- ¹⁸ O bond abundances in bioapatite

Eagle

Schauble

Tripati

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

143

123

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“…First, we emphasize isotopes of the PO 4 component of enamel. Phosphate oxygen is more resistant to diagenesis because of greater oxygen bond strengths than other components (e.g., CO 3 ), and enamel is more resistant because of large crystal sizes (up to two orders of magnitude greater than bone) and low organic content, reducing crystallite reactivity with diagenetic pore waters (e.g., Kohn and Cerling 2002;Kohn and Law 2006). Systematic differences in isotopic compositions among taxa of different physiologies (e.g., coexisting turtles versus sauropods at all sites) further suggest preservation of original biogenic isotopic compositions.…”

Section: Selection Of Samples: Primary Vs Diagenetic Biogenic Isotopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Taxa Isotopic Investigation of Paleohydrology In the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation, Eastern Utah, U.S.A.: Deciphering Effects Of the Nevadaplano Plateau On Regional Climate

Suarez¹,

González²,

Ludvigson³

et al. 2014

Journal of Sedimentary Research

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We investigate the regional climatic effects of the formation of the ''Nevadaplano'' plateau during the Sevier Orogeny in an overall warming world. Paleohydrology was reconstructed from 590 individual measurements of phosphate O isotopes in continental faunas of the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, U.S.A. Semi-aquatic (turtles, crocodiles) and terrestrial (dinosaurs) taxa are compared to coeval pedogenic carbonates to interpret changing water sources over time. Samples were grouped into four stratigraphic faunas (lower Yellow Cat, upper 19.1 to 20.3%) values generally exceed those of semi-aquatic taxa. Using mass-balance equations for modern terrestrial animals adjusted for size and inferred dinosaur physiology, ingested water is calculated for the above dinosaur groups. On a member scale, when meteoric-water values are compared with calculated dinosaur drinking water, values are equal to or lighter than meteoric water for most herbivorous groups (as low as 215.5% for ornithischians) and equal to or heavier than meteoric water for most carnivorous groups (as high as 22.0% for allosauroids). Changes in d O-enriched water (e.g., up to an average of 22.0% from an allosauroid tooth) and extremely 18 O-depleted water (e.g., 215.5% for ornithischians) in the Ruby Ranch Member. By Mussentuchit-time, delivery of the Western Interior Seaway-dominated moisture to the region, despite continued rise of the Sevier Mountains.

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“…Este tejido mineral es susceptible de ser alterado por procesos diagenéticos que pueden cambiar la relación isotópica original de los tejidos óseos, alcanzando valores próximos a la composición del suelo (Kohn y Law, 2006). Por ello, se analizaron carbonatos de origen edáfico (dos chips del tramo T1 del yacimiento de Somosaguas Sur y seis calcretas laminares del tramo T3, niveles superior e inferior), con el objetivo de obtener la señal isotópica de origen diagenético temprano en los mismos puntos de muestreo de los restos fósiles.…”

Section: Análisis Isotópicosunclassified

“…No obstante, además de esto también tienen importancia en la interpretación paleoclimática. Según Kohn y Law (2006), en ecosistemas dominados por plantas C3 (bien sean ecosistemas actuales con ausencia de plantas C4 o ecosistemas anteriores al Mioceno superior), el valor de δ 13 C de los paleosuelos y, por extensión, del esmalte de mamíferos, se correlaciona con la tasa de precipitación, con la productividad vegetal y con la diferencia entre la evapotranspiración potencial y la precipitación media anual. Valores altos de δ 13 C dentro del rango de variación de las plantas C3 indicarían condiciones más áridas que los valores bajos.…”

Section: Análisis Isotópicosunclassified

“…El aumento de los valores de δ 13 C desde los tramos T1 hasta T3 superior puede estar relacionado con un cambio hacia condiciones más secas en la región, siguiendo las interpretaciones de Kohn y Law (2006 Iacumin et al (1996) y Bryant et al (1996 para δ 18 O PO4 y Ayliffe et al (1992) y Tütken (en prensa) para δ 18 O H2O . Las temperaturas obtenidas a partir del esmalte se obtuvieron de la ecuación de Yurtsever y Gat (1981).…”

Section: Análisis Isotópicosunclassified

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Fernández¹,

Cárdaba²,

Cuevas-González³

et al. 2006

Estud. geol.

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han proporcionado numerosos restos pertenecientes a 23 especies de mamíferos datados en la zona local E (MN5, Aragoniense Medio). En este trabajo se presentan nuevas aportaciones a su estudio, que han permitido descubrir una especie de rinoceronte no citada anteriormente en la cuenca de Madrid (Prosantorhinus douvillei) y la definición de una especie nueva de hámster (Cricetodon soriae nov. sp.). La sucesión muestra varios episodios de coladas de tipo debris-flow con transporte de huesos, rocas y arcosas discordantes por debajo y por encima de un relleno lacustre. Los depósitos contienen una secuencia de alteración de micas con arcillas de neoformación progresivamente más evolucionadas y vetas de caliche hacia techo, indicando aridez creciente. La riqueza del conjunto de macro y microvertebrados de los yacimientos de Somosaguas permite relacionarlo con el de otros yacimientos de edad similar, resultando en un patrón biogeográfico de transición paleártico-paleotropical. Esto coincide con los datos paleoclimáticos aportados por la fauna de mamíferos, que indican la existencia de condiciones tropicales con estacionalidad hídrica muy marcada. Se infiere la existencia en el área de un mosaico de ambientes dentro de un bioma de sabana, combinando áreas abiertas y bosquetes asociados al medio lacustre. El análisis isotópico indica un progresivo enfriamiento y aridez, que se correlaciona con los cambios climáticos inferidos a escala global en este período, hace unos 14 millones de años.Palabras clave: Aragoniense, Cricetodon soriae nov. sp., España, Geoquímica isotópica, Mammalia, Mineralogía, Paleobiogeografía, Paleoclimatología, Paleoecología, Estratigrafía, Paleontología Sistemática, Vertebrata. ABSTRACTThe Middle Miocene vertebrate fossil sites from the Somosaguas Campus of the Complutensian University of Madrid (Pozuelo de Alarcón) have provided many fossils from 23 mammal species, dated in local zone E (MN5, Middle Aragonian). In this work we show new research results which allow recognizing a new species of rhinoceros for the Madrid Basin (Prosantorhinus douvillei) and defining a new species of hamster (Cricetodon soriae nov. sp.). The succession shows several episodes of debris-flow deposits transporting bones, pebbles and arkosic sands, discordant below and above lacustrine sediments. The deposits content an alteration sequence of micas, with neomorphic clays progressively more

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Stable isotope chemistry of fossil bone as a new paleoclimate indicator

Cited by 80 publications

References 60 publications

Body temperatures of modern and extinct vertebrates from ¹³ C- ¹⁸ O bond abundances in bioapatite

Body temperatures of modern and extinct vertebrates from ¹³ C- ¹⁸ O bond abundances in bioapatite

Multi-Taxa Isotopic Investigation of Paleohydrology In the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation, Eastern Utah, U.S.A.: Deciphering Effects Of the Nevadaplano Plateau On Regional Climate

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Stable isotope chemistry of fossil bone as a new paleoclimate indicator

Cited by 80 publications

References 60 publications

Body temperatures of modern and extinct vertebrates from 13 C- 18 O bond abundances in bioapatite

Body temperatures of modern and extinct vertebrates from 13 C- 18 O bond abundances in bioapatite

Multi-Taxa Isotopic Investigation of Paleohydrology In the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation, Eastern Utah, U.S.A.: Deciphering Effects Of the Nevadaplano Plateau On Regional Climate

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Body temperatures of modern and extinct vertebrates from ¹³ C- ¹⁸ O bond abundances in bioapatite

Body temperatures of modern and extinct vertebrates from ¹³ C- ¹⁸ O bond abundances in bioapatite