Sickle cell disease (SCD) results predominately from a single monogenic mutation that affects thousands of individuals worldwide. Gene therapy approaches have focused on using viral vectors to transfer wild-type -or γ-globin transgenes into hematopoietic stem cells for long-term expression of the recombinant globins. In this study, we investigated the use of a novel nonviral vector system, the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon (Tn) to insert a wild-type -globin expression cassette into the human genome for sustained expression of -globin. We initially constructed a -globin expression vector composed of the hybrid cytomegalovirus (CMV) enhancer chicken -actin promoter (CAGGS) and full-length -globin cDNA, as well as truncated forms lacking either the 3′ or 3′ and 5′ untranslated regions (UTRs), to optimize expression of -globin. -Globin with its 5′ UTR was efficiently expressed from its cDNA in K-562 cells induced with hemin. However, expression was constitutive and not erythroid-specific. We then constructed cis SB-Tn--globin plasmids using a minimal -globin gene driven by hybrid promoter IHK (human ALAS2 intron 8 erythroid-specific enhancer, HS40 core element from human RLCR, ankyrin-1 promoter), IH p (human ALAS2 intron 8 erythroid-specific enhancer, HS40 core element from human RLCR, -globin promoter), or HS3 p (HS3 core element from human LCR, -globin promoter) to establish erythroidspecific expression of -globin. Stable genomic insertion of the minimal gene and expression of the -globin transgene for >5 months at a level comparable to that of the endogenous γ-globin gene were achieved using a SB-Tn -globin cis construct. Interestingly, erythroid-specific expression of -globin driven by IHK was regulated primarily at the translational level, in contrast to post-transcriptional regulation in non-erythroid cells. The SB-Tn system is a promising nonviral vector for efficient genomic insertion conferring stable, persistent erythroid-specific expression of -globin.