Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and NO-System

Sikirić, Predrag; Drmic, Domagoj; Blagaić, Alenka Boban; Tvrdeić, Ante; Krezic, Ivan; Gojkovic, Slaven; Zizek, Helena; Sikiric, Suncana; Strbe, Sanja; Smoday, Ivan Marija; Lovric, Eva; Škrtić, Anita; Seiwerth, Sven

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-24778-1_17

Cited by 7 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The overall NO-system significance is commonly acknowledged [ 36 ]. While malfunctions of NO-system significance are generally implicated in various disturbances, the presented findings (i.e., schizophrenia) claim both decreased and increased NO-system function in etiopathology and, thereby, controversy in therapy, either L-NAME or L-arginine [ 59 , 70 , 124 ]. This drawback can be due to only one side of the NO-system employed in the studies (i.e., decreased function by L-NAME application) while the other part remained unchecked (i.e., over-increased function by L-arginine, and vice versa) [ 124 , 125 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…On the other hand, there can be favoring the BPC 157/neurotransmitter relations. This goes with its ample range of beneficial effects, obtained within the same dose range [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 15 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 33 , 109 , 124 , 125 ], as the most valuable proof of the neurotransmitter requires that the application of the chemical directly to the target cells should produce the same response observed when the chemical is naturally released from the neurons [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Thus, given the particularities of the observed BPC 157 therapy effect [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 15 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 33 , 109 , 124 , 125 ], this final point, the equation between the exogenous effects and endogenous presence to verify endogenous presence and significance, can be a suggestive argument for the possible BPC 157/neurotransmitter relation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All these points may be supported by its special interaction with various molecular pathways [ 8 , 11 , 75 , 115 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 ], especially with the nitric oxide (NO)-system [ 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 ] as a whole. This implies a wide therapy counteracting potential (NO-release, NO-synthase (NOS)-inhibition (L-NAME), NOS-over-activity (L-arginine), NO-system immobilization (L-NAME+L-arginine), i.e., in hypertension, hypotension, and thrombocytes function (without affecting coagulation cascade) [ 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 ], signaling pathways controlling vasomotor tone [ 121 , 122 , 123 ] (VEGFR2-Akt-eNOS and Src-Caveolin-1-eNOS)). This also includes counteraction of anaphylactoid reaction [ 132 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A fall of intracranial hypertension occurs immediately upon BPC 157 therapy [ 56 ]. These effects were also shown to be NO-system dependent [ 64 , 124 , 125 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, it can be that the general NO-system significance goes against the mentioned specific NO-agent drawbacks and against the current lack of suited NO-related therapy to specify and resolve given etiopathology [ 124 , 125 ]. Nevertheless, these can substantiate BPC 157 pleiotropic beneficial effects [ 124 , 125 ] based on the wide antagonizing potential of BPC 157 therapy on various NO-system disturbances (L-NAME-related, L-arginine-related [ 124 , 125 ], NO-donors-related (report in preparation)). As demonstrated, a close relationship occurred in a particular way [ 124 , 125 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Pleiotropic Beneficial Activity and Its Possible Relations with Neurotransmitter Activity

Sikiric,

Boban Blagaic,

Strbe

et al. 2024

Pharmaceuticals

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We highlight the particular aspects of the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 pleiotropic beneficial activity (not destroyed in human gastric juice, native and stable in human gastric juice, as a cytoprotection mediator holds a response specifically related to preventing or recovering damage as such) and its possible relations with neurotransmitter activity. We attempt to resolve the shortage of the pleiotropic beneficial effects of BPC 157, given the general standard neurotransmitter criteria, in classic terms. We substitute the lack of direct conclusive evidence (i.e., production within the neuron or present in it as a precursor molecule, released eliciting a response on the receptor on the target cells on neurons and being removed from the site of action once its signaling role is complete). This can be a network of interconnected evidence, previously envisaged in the implementation of the cytoprotection effects, consistent beneficial particular evidence that BPC 157 therapy counteracts dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, GABA, adrenalin/noradrenalin, acetylcholine, and NO-system disturbances. This specifically includes counteraction of those disturbances related to their receptors, both blockade and over-activity, destruction, depletion, tolerance, sensitization, and channel disturbances counteraction. Likewise, BPC 157 activates particular receptors (i.e., VGEF and growth hormone). Furthermore, close BPC 157/NO-system relations with the gasotransmitters crossing the cell membrane and acting directly on molecules inside the cell may envisage particular interactions with receptors on the plasma membrane of their target cells. Finally, there is nerve-muscle relation in various muscle disturbance counteractions, and nerve-nerve relation in various encephalopathies counteraction, which is also exemplified specifically by the BPC 157 therapy application.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A fall of intracranial hypertension occurs immediately upon BPC 157 therapy [ 56 ]. These effects were also shown to be NO-system dependent [ 64 , 124 , 125 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Pleiotropic Beneficial Activity and Its Possible Relations with Neurotransmitter Activity

Sikiric,

Boban Blagaic,

Strbe

et al. 2024

Pharmaceuticals

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New studies with stable gastric pentadecapeptide protecting gastrointestinal tract. significance of counteraction of vascular and multiorgan failure of occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome in cytoprotection/organoprotection

Sikiric,

Sever,

Krezic

et al. 2024

Inflammopharmacol

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Innate Vascular Failure by Application of Neuroleptics, Amphetamine, and Domperidone Rapidly Induced Severe Occlusion/Occlusion-like Syndromes in Rats and Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as Therapy

et al. 2023

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Even before behavioral disturbances, neuroleptics, amphetamine, and domperidone application rapidly emerged severe occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome, shared innate vascular and multiorgan failure in rats, comparable to occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome described with vessel(s) occlusion or similar noxious procedures application. As therapy, i.e., activation of the collateral pathways, “bypassing key” (activated azygos vein pathway, direct blood flow delivery), the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 is a novel solution. Recently, BPC 157 therapy particularly counteracted neuroleptic- or L-NAME-induced catalepsy, lithium intoxication, and schizophrenia positive and negative symptoms (amphetamine/methamphetamine/apomorphine/ketamine). In rats with complete calvariectomy, medication (BPC 157 10 µg/kg, 10 ng/kg ip or ig) was given 5 min after distinctive dopamine agents (mg/kg ip) (haloperidol (5), fluphenazine (5), clozapine (10), risperidone (5), olanzapine (10), quetiapine (10), or aripiprazole (10), domperidone (25), amphetamine (10), and combined amphetamine and haloperidol) and assessed at 15 min thereafter. All neuroleptic-, domperidone-, and amphetamine-induced comparable vascular and multiorgan failure severe syndrome was alleviated with BPC 157 therapy as before major vessel(s) occlusion or other similar noxious procedures. Specifically, all severe lesions in the brain (i.e., immediate swelling, hemorrhage), heart (i.e., congestion, arrhythmias), and lung (i.e., congestion, hemorrhage), as well as congestion in the liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal (stomach) tract, were resolved. Intracranial (superior sagittal sinus), portal, and caval hypertension and aortal hypotension were attenuated or eliminated. BPC 157 therapy almost annihilated arterial and venous thrombosis, peripherally and centrally. Thus, rapidly acting Virchow triad circumstances that occur as dopamine central/peripheral antagonists and agonist essential class-points, fully reversed by BPC 157 therapy, might be overwhelming for both neuroleptics and amphetamine.

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Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and NO-System

Cited by 7 publications

References 75 publications

The Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Pleiotropic Beneficial Activity and Its Possible Relations with Neurotransmitter Activity

The Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Pleiotropic Beneficial Activity and Its Possible Relations with Neurotransmitter Activity

New studies with stable gastric pentadecapeptide protecting gastrointestinal tract. significance of counteraction of vascular and multiorgan failure of occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome in cytoprotection/organoprotection

Innate Vascular Failure by Application of Neuroleptics, Amphetamine, and Domperidone Rapidly Induced Severe Occlusion/Occlusion-like Syndromes in Rats and Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as Therapy

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