Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Therapy of Rat Glaucoma

Abstract

Cauterization of three episcleral veins (open-angle glaucoma model) induces venous congestion and increases intraocular pressure in rats. If not upgraded, one episcleral vein is regularly unable to acquire and take over the whole function, and glaucoma-like features persist. Recently, the rapid upgrading of the collateral pathways by a stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 has cured many severe syndromes induced by permanent occlusion of major vessels, veins and/or arteries, peripherally and centrally. In a six-week study, medication was given prophylactically (immediately before glaucoma surgery, i.e., three episcleral veins cauterization) or as curative treatment (starting at 24 h after glaucoma surgery). The daily regimen of BPC 157 (0.4 µg/eye, 0.4 ng/eye; 10 µg/kg, 10 ng/kg) was administered locally as drops in each eye, intraperitoneally (last application at 24 h before sacrifice) or per-orally in drinking water (0.16 µg/mL, 0.16 ng/mL, 12 mL/rat until the sacrifice, first application being intragastric). Consequently, all BPC 157 regimens immediately normalized intraocular pressure. BPC 157-treated rats exhibited normal pupil diameter, microscopically well-preserved ganglion cells and optic nerve presentation, normal fundus presentation, normal retinal and choroidal blood vessel presentation and normal optic nerve presentation. As leading symptoms, increased intraocular pressure and mydriasis, as well as degeneration of retinal ganglion cells, optic nerve head excavation and reduction in optic nerve thickness, generalized severe irregularity of retinal vessels, faint presentation of choroidal vessels and severe optic nerve disc atrophy were all counteracted. In conclusion, we claim that the reversal of the episcleral veins cauterization glaucoma appeared as a consequence of the BPC 157 therapy of the vessel occlusion-induced perilous syndrome.

Therapy Effect of the Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on Acute Pancreatitis as Vascular Failure-Induced Severe Peripheral and Central Syndrome in Rats

“…As a cause-effect relation, vascular failure may occur even before full acute pancreatitis presentation with a severe occlusion-like syndrome, peripherally and centrally. Essentially (i.e., providing a common vascular disability point), this might correspond to the previously described syndrome commonly seen with an endothelium-damaging agent overdose, alcohol [ 25 ], lithium [ 24 ], myocardial infarction [ 23 ], and maintained intra-abdominal hypertension, grade III and IV [ 22 ], as well as corresponding to the described occlusion syndrome with major vessel occlusion, peripherally [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ] or centrally [ 20 ]. Of note, all of these disturbances were consistently attenuated with the application of BPC 157 therapy and activation of the collateral pathways, relayed on the given injury [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

“…Essentially (i.e., providing a common vascular disability point), this might correspond to the previously described syndrome commonly seen with an endothelium-damaging agent overdose, alcohol [ 25 ], lithium [ 24 ], myocardial infarction [ 23 ], and maintained intra-abdominal hypertension, grade III and IV [ 22 ], as well as corresponding to the described occlusion syndrome with major vessel occlusion, peripherally [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ] or centrally [ 20 ]. Of note, all of these disturbances were consistently attenuated with the application of BPC 157 therapy and activation of the collateral pathways, relayed on the given injury [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. As a particular therapy effect, the BPC 157 regimen was given as intragastric bolus, or continuously orally in drinking water, starting in the early or late advanced injury course (for review, see, i.e., [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]).…”

“…Therapeutically, BPC 157 exhibited particular recovering vascular effects when confronted with various intentionally induced severe vascular disturbances (i.e., major vessel occlusion [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ], peripheral [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ] and central [ 20 , 21 ], vessel compression (intra-abdominal hypertension) [ 22 ], endothelium-damaging agents [ 23 , 24 , 25 ] and procedures [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]). BPC 157 cured the bile duct ligation-induced acute pancreatitis and its concomitant gastrointestinal disturbances [ 29 , 30 ], and prevented and reversed bile duct ligation-induced liver cirrhosis [ 31 ] in rats.…”

“…The recognition of the cytoprotection maxim endothelium maintenance→ epithelium maintenance is potentially an essential but unresolved active key of Robert’s and Szabo’s cytoprotection concept, although they were overwhelmingly focused on stomach cytoprotection [ 32 , 33 , 34 ]. Recently, in these terms (activation of the collateral pathways, relayed on the given injury) [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], we reviewed the greater pleiotropic cytoprotection potential of the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a novel cytoprotection mediator largely involved in healing (for review, see i.e., [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]), inside and outside the gastrointestinal tract (i.e., BPC 157 counteracted leaky gut (for review, see i.e., [ 4 ]). Special areas of therapy could be the bile duct ligation-induced disturbances [ 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

“…Intracranial (superior sagittal sinus) hypertension, portal and caval hypertension, aortal hypotension, progressing venous and arterial thrombosis peripherally and centrally, and ECG disturbances [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 20 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ] were commonly counteracted. Congested (i.e., inferior caval vein and superior mesenteric vein) and failed (azygos vein) blood vessels, multiple organs lesions, heart, lung, liver, kidney, the gastrointestinal tract in particular, and muscle weakness, as well as brain lesions, eye lesions (increased intraocular pressure, retinal ischemia) and oxidative stress in tissues were markedly attenuated [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”