Stable free radical miniemulsion polymerization

MacLeod, Paula J.; Barber, Richard; Odell, Peter G.; Keoshkerian, Barkev; Georges, Michaël K.

doi:10.1002/1521-3900(200004)155:1<31::aid-masy31>3.0.co;2-h

Cited by 50 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Batch reactors have been used for most of these studies, but it would be of great value to demonstrate these processes in a continuous reactor. The improved economics of a continuous reactor may be a significant incentive for the commercialization of CRP processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitroxide‐Mediated Polymerization of Styrene in a Continuous Tubular Reactor

Enright

Cunningham

Keoshkerian

2005

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Summary: Nitroxide‐mediated polymerization of styrene in a continuous tubular reactor has been demonstrated for the first time. The polymerization kinetics in the tubular reactor are similar to those in a batch reactor. The number average molecular weight increases linearly with conversion, and chain extension experiments were successful, indicating that the living nature of the polymerization is maintained in the tubular reactor.Evolution of molecular weight as measured by GPC for chain‐extended latex in continuous tubular reactor.magnified imageEvolution of molecular weight as measured by GPC for chain‐extended latex in continuous tubular reactor.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitroxide‐Mediated Polymerization of Styrene in a Continuous Tubular Reactor

Enright

Cunningham

Keoshkerian

2005

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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“…The TEMPO/potassium persulfate (KPS) system was employed by MacLeod et al for the miniemulsion polymerization of styrene at 135°C [72]. With an optimized [TEMPO] 0 /[KPS] 0 initial ratio of 2.9, a very fast polymerization was achieved (87% monomer conversion in 6 h) together with narrow MWD.…”

Section: Water-soluble Bicomponent Initiating Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization in Aqueous Miniemulsion

Lefay

Nicolas

2010

Miniemulsion Polymerization Technology

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“…Nevertheless, colloidally stable latexes are readily achieved using livingradical techniques under these conditions. Initial SFR miniemulsion polymerizations 187,188 were performed using either BPO 189,190 or potassium persulfate (KPS) 191 as the initiator, TEMPO as the stable radical mediator, and hexadecane as the costabilizer. To avoid the use of aqueous phase initiation and remove the need for hexadecane, miniemulsion polymerizations were subsequently performed using long-chain alkoxyamines or TEMPO-terminated polystyrene oligomer with good success.…”

Section: Living-radical Miniemulsion Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%